permanent inflation; protracted inflation

简明释义

经常性通货膨胀

英英释义

例句

1.Investors are wary of permanent inflation 永久性通货膨胀 as it affects asset values significantly.

投资者对永久性通货膨胀持谨慎态度，因为它会显著影响资产价值。

2.If wages do not keep pace with permanent inflation 永久性通货膨胀, workers will find it increasingly difficult to make ends meet.

如果工资跟不上永久性通货膨胀，工人将发现越来越难以维持生计。

3.Many economists believe that protracted inflation 长期通货膨胀 can erode purchasing power over time.

许多经济学家认为，长期通货膨胀会随着时间的推移侵蚀购买力。

4.The central bank is concerned that the current economic policies could lead to permanent inflation 永久性通货膨胀 if not adjusted soon.

中央银行担心，如果不尽快调整当前的经济政策，可能会导致永久性通货膨胀。

5.The government's failure to control prices has resulted in protracted inflation 长期通货膨胀 that is difficult to reverse.

政府未能控制物价，导致了难以逆转的长期通货膨胀。

作文

Inflation is an economic phenomenon that affects the purchasing power of money and can have significant impacts on individuals and businesses alike. Among the various types of inflation, two terms that often come up are permanent inflation and protracted inflation. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the broader implications of inflation on the economy and society as a whole.Permanent inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services that does not show signs of reversal. This type of inflation indicates a long-term trend where prices continue to rise indefinitely, eroding the value of currency over time. The causes of permanent inflation can be multifaceted, including excessive money supply growth, persistent demand exceeding supply, or structural changes in the economy that lead to ongoing cost increases.In contrast, protracted inflation describes a situation where inflation persists over a prolonged period but may not necessarily indicate a permanent state. It suggests that while prices are rising, there may be potential for stabilization or correction in the future. Factors contributing to protracted inflation could include temporary supply chain disruptions, seasonal fluctuations, or short-term demand spikes. Unlike permanent inflation, which implies a relentless upward trajectory, protracted inflation allows for the possibility of eventual decline or stabilization.The implications of both permanent inflation and protracted inflation can be profound. For consumers, rising prices mean that their purchasing power diminishes, which can lead to decreased standards of living if wages do not keep pace with inflation. For businesses, the uncertainty surrounding inflation can complicate pricing strategies and investment decisions. Companies may find it challenging to plan for the future when they cannot predict how inflation will affect costs and consumer behavior.Governments and central banks play a crucial role in managing inflation. To combat permanent inflation, policymakers may implement measures such as tightening monetary policy, increasing interest rates, or reducing government spending. These actions aim to curb excessive demand and stabilize prices. On the other hand, addressing protracted inflation may require more nuanced approaches, such as targeted interventions to alleviate specific supply chain issues or stimulate productivity in affected sectors.It is also important to recognize the psychological aspects of inflation. Expectations of future inflation can influence consumer behavior and business decisions. If individuals and businesses anticipate continuing permanent inflation, they may adjust their spending and investment behaviors accordingly, potentially creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. In contrast, if people believe that protracted inflation will eventually subside, they may be more likely to maintain their current consumption patterns, which can help stabilize the economy.In conclusion, understanding the distinctions between permanent inflation and protracted inflation is vital for anyone interested in economics. While both types of inflation present challenges, their underlying causes and potential outcomes differ significantly. By recognizing these differences, individuals, businesses, and policymakers can better navigate the complexities of inflationary pressures and work towards sustainable economic growth.

通货膨胀是一种经济现象，影响着货币的购买力，并对个人和企业产生重大影响。在各种类型的通货膨胀中，两个常见的术语是永久性通货膨胀和长期通货膨胀。理解这些概念对于掌握通货膨胀对经济和社会整体的更广泛影响至关重要。永久性通货膨胀指的是商品和服务的一般价格水平持续上升且没有逆转迹象的情况。这种类型的通货膨胀表明一种长期趋势，价格不断上涨，随着时间的推移侵蚀货币的价值。永久性通货膨胀的原因可能是多方面的，包括过度的货币供应增长、持续的需求超过供给或经济中导致持续成本增加的结构性变化。而长期通货膨胀则描述了一种通货膨胀在较长时期内持续存在的情况，但不一定意味着一种永久状态。它表明虽然价格在上涨，但未来可能会出现稳定或修正的潜力。导致长期通货膨胀的因素可能包括临时的供应链中断、季节性波动或短期的需求激增。与暗示无休止上升轨迹的永久性通货膨胀不同，长期通货膨胀允许最终下降或稳定的可能性。这两种类型的通货膨胀的影响可能是深远的。对于消费者而言，价格上涨意味着他们的购买力减弱，如果工资未能跟上通货膨胀，这可能导致生活水平下降。对于企业而言，围绕通货膨胀的不确定性可能使定价策略和投资决策变得复杂。当无法预测通货膨胀如何影响成本和消费者行为时，公司可能会发现很难为未来进行规划。政府和中央银行在管理通货膨胀方面发挥着关键作用。为了应对永久性通货膨胀，政策制定者可能会采取如收紧货币政策、提高利率或减少政府支出等措施。这些行动旨在抑制过度需求并稳定价格。另一方面，解决长期通货膨胀可能需要更为细致的方法，例如针对特定供应链问题的有针对性的干预或刺激受影响行业的生产力。还需认识到通货膨胀的心理因素。对未来通货膨胀的预期可以影响消费者行为和商业决策。如果个人和企业预期将继续出现永久性通货膨胀，他们可能会相应调整消费和投资行为，从而可能造成自我实现的预言。相反，如果人们相信长期通货膨胀最终会消退，他们可能更有可能维持当前的消费模式，这有助于稳定经济。总之，理解永久性通货膨胀和长期通货膨胀之间的区别对任何对经济感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的。虽然这两种类型的通货膨胀都带来了挑战，但它们的根本原因和潜在结果显著不同。通过认识到这些差异，个人、企业和政策制定者可以更好地应对通货膨胀压力的复杂性，并致力于可持续的经济增长。