plural executive

简明释义

集体经理

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of a plural executive is often seen in states with a governor and multiple elected officials.

在拥有州长和多个选举官员的州，复数行政机构的概念常常被看到。

2.In a system with a plural executive, decision-making is shared among multiple leaders rather than concentrated in one individual.

在一个拥有复数行政机构的系统中，决策权在多个领导者之间共享，而不是集中在一个人身上。

3.The state adopted a plural executive model to ensure that no single person could wield too much power.

该州采用了复数行政机构模式，以确保没有一个人能够掌握过多的权力。

4.Critics argue that a plural executive can lead to gridlock and inefficiency in governance.

批评者认为，复数行政机构可能导致治理中的僵局和低效率。

5.In many countries, a plural executive helps to balance the interests of various political factions.

在许多国家，复数行政机构有助于平衡各个政治派别的利益。

作文

The concept of a plural executive refers to a system of governance where executive powers are distributed among multiple individuals rather than being concentrated in a single leader. This model contrasts sharply with a unitary executive system, where one person holds the reins of power. The plural executive is often seen in various state governments and organizations around the world, allowing for a more democratic approach to leadership. In this essay, I will explore the advantages and disadvantages of a plural executive, as well as its implications for governance and public policy.One of the primary advantages of a plural executive is that it encourages collaboration and shared responsibility. When multiple individuals are tasked with executive functions, they must work together to make decisions. This collaborative environment can lead to more comprehensive and well-rounded policies, as diverse perspectives are considered. For instance, in a plural executive system, different officials may bring unique expertise to the table, which can enhance the quality of decision-making. Moreover, this structure can help prevent the abuse of power, as no single individual has the authority to act unilaterally without the consent of others.However, the plural executive model also presents certain challenges. One significant drawback is the potential for gridlock. When multiple executives must agree on a course of action, reaching consensus can be time-consuming and difficult. This can hinder timely decision-making, especially in situations that require swift action. For example, during a crisis, the inability to quickly unite behind a single strategy can exacerbate the problem at hand. Additionally, the diffusion of responsibility can lead to a lack of accountability, as it may be unclear who is responsible for specific outcomes or failures.Another aspect to consider is the political dynamics within a plural executive. In some cases, competing interests among the executives can lead to conflicts and power struggles. These internal disputes can distract from governance and undermine the effectiveness of the administration. Furthermore, if the executives hail from different political parties or factions, partisan disagreements can further complicate decision-making processes. Thus, while a plural executive aims to promote inclusivity and representation, it can also introduce instability into the governance system.In terms of public policy, the plural executive can have both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, policies developed through a collaborative process can reflect a broader range of community needs and values. This inclusivity can foster greater public trust and engagement in the political process. On the other hand, the complexities of negotiation and compromise may dilute bold policy initiatives, leading to watered-down solutions that fail to address pressing issues effectively.In conclusion, the plural executive system offers a compelling alternative to traditional executive structures by promoting shared leadership and collaborative decision-making. However, it also poses challenges related to efficiency, accountability, and internal dynamics. As societies continue to evolve and seek more democratic forms of governance, understanding the nuances of the plural executive will be essential for developing effective political systems that balance power and responsibility. Ultimately, the success of a plural executive depends on the commitment of its members to work together for the common good, navigating the complexities of governance while striving to serve their constituents effectively.

“复数行政”这一概念指的是一种治理体系，其中执行权力分散在多个个体之间，而不是集中在单一领导者手中。这种模式与单位行政系统形成鲜明对比，后者由一个人掌握权力。“复数行政”常见于世界各地的各种州政府和组织中，允许更民主的领导方式。在这篇文章中，我将探讨“复数行政”的优缺点，以及它对治理和公共政策的影响。“复数行政”的主要优点之一是它鼓励合作和共同责任。当多个个体被赋予执行职能时，他们必须共同努力做出决策。这种协作环境可以导致更全面、更周全的政策，因为考虑了多种不同的观点。例如，在“复数行政”系统中，不同的官员可能会带来独特的专业知识，从而提高决策的质量。此外，这种结构可以帮助防止权力滥用，因为没有单一个体拥有在没有他人同意的情况下单独行动的权力。然而，“复数行政”模式也存在某些挑战。一个显著的缺点是可能出现僵局。当多个行政人员必须就行动方案达成一致时，达成共识可能耗时且困难。这可能会阻碍及时决策，尤其是在需要迅速行动的情况下。例如，在危机期间，无法迅速团结在单一战略背后可能会加剧当前问题。此外，责任的分散可能导致缺乏问责制，因为具体结果或失败的责任可能不明确。另一个需要考虑的方面是“复数行政”内部的政治动态。在某些情况下，行政人员之间的利益冲突可能导致争斗和权力斗争。这些内部争端可能分散治理的注意力，削弱行政效率。此外，如果这些行政人员来自不同的政党或派别，党派间的分歧可能进一步复杂化决策过程。因此，尽管“复数行政”旨在促进包容性和代表性，但它也可能给治理体系带来不稳定性。在公共政策方面，“复数行政”可能产生积极和消极的影响。一方面，通过协作过程制定的政策可以反映更广泛的社区需求和价值观。这种包容性可以促进公众对政治过程的信任和参与。另一方面，谈判和妥协的复杂性可能稀释大胆的政策倡议，导致解决方案变得温和，未能有效应对紧迫问题。总之，“复数行政”系统通过促进共享领导和协作决策，为传统行政结构提供了一个引人注目的替代方案。然而，它也带来了与效率、问责制和内部动态相关的挑战。随着社会不断发展并寻求更民主的治理形式，理解“复数行政”的细微差别对于发展平衡权力与责任的有效政治体系至关重要。最终，“复数行政”的成功取决于其成员共同努力为共同利益服务的承诺，驾驭治理的复杂性，同时努力有效地服务于他们的选民。