telomere

简明释义

英[ˈteləmɪə]美[ˈteləˌmɪr;ˈtiləˌmɪr]

n. [遗] 端粒

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.How about habits or routines believed to shorter telomere lengths.

您认为生活习惯或日常活动会缩短端粒长度吗？

2.Telomere length tends to shorten with age, and shorter telomeres tend to be linked with shorter life spans.

端粒的长度与寿命的长短有关，染色体端粒越短，它所在的生命跨度也就越短。

3.Genetic factors and environmental stressors can shorten the length of the telomere.

遗传因素和环境压力可以使得端粒的长度缩短。

4.Moreover, it was not merely the father's telomere length that correlated with that of his offspring, but also his actual lifespan.

此外，不仅仅是父亲的端粒长度与其子孙后代的端粒长度相关，而且他们与孩子之间的寿命也相关。

5.What's coming next in telomere research? Is this something we're going to be hearing a lot more about?

在端粒研究中，下一个是什么？是否我们将会一直听到许多关于某种东西的谈论？

6.The ageing process has since been found to be more complex and is now thought to depend on several different factors, the telomere being one of them.

人类衰老的过程一直被认为是更为复杂，而现在人们认为，人类衰老的过程取决于几个不同的因素，端粒就是其中之一。

7.Shortened telomeres 端粒 have been linked to various diseases, including cancer.

缩短的端粒 telomeres 已被与多种疾病相关，包括癌症。

8.Researchers found that the length of the telomere 端粒 is associated with aging.

研究人员发现，端粒 telomere 的长度与衰老有关。

9.Telomerase is an enzyme that can help maintain the length of telomeres 端粒.

端粒酶是一种可以帮助维持端粒 telomeres 长度的酶。

10.Every time a cell divides, its telomere 端粒 gets shorter.

每当细胞分裂时，它的端粒 telomere 会变短。

11.Scientists are studying how to protect telomeres 端粒 to potentially extend lifespan.

科学家们正在研究如何保护端粒 telomeres，以潜在地延长寿命。

作文

In the realm of genetics, few concepts are as intriguing and significant as the telomere (端粒). These structures, found at the ends of chromosomes, play a crucial role in cellular aging and the maintenance of genetic stability. Understanding telomeres is essential for grasping how our cells function and how they contribute to the aging process. Each time a cell divides, its chromosomes must replicate, and this replication process is not perfect. The DNA replication machinery cannot fully replicate the ends of linear chromosomes, leading to the gradual shortening of telomeres. This shortening is a natural part of the cell cycle and occurs in most somatic cells. Over time, as the telomeres shorten beyond a critical length, the cell can no longer divide and enters a state known as senescence. This is one of the reasons why we age; as our cells lose their ability to divide, tissue regeneration becomes less effective, contributing to the decline in organ function and overall vitality. Interestingly, telomeres are not just passive structures. They are actively maintained by an enzyme called telomerase, which adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of telomeres. In most somatic cells, telomerase activity is low or absent, leading to the progressive shortening of telomeres. However, in stem cells and cancer cells, telomerase is often reactivated, allowing these cells to bypass the normal limits on division. This has significant implications for cancer biology, as many tumors exhibit elongated telomeres, enabling them to proliferate uncontrollably. Research into telomeres has opened new avenues in the field of aging and regenerative medicine. Scientists are investigating ways to manipulate telomeres and telomerase activity to potentially extend the lifespan of cells and delay the aging process. For instance, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management have been shown to influence telomere length. Studies suggest that individuals who lead healthy lifestyles tend to have longer telomeres, which may correlate with a lower risk of age-related diseases. Moreover, the study of telomeres extends beyond human health; it also has implications for understanding evolution and species longevity. Different species exhibit varying telomere lengths and rates of shortening, which can influence their lifespan and reproductive strategies. For example, some species of birds have remarkably long telomeres, which may contribute to their longevity compared to other animals. In conclusion, telomeres (端粒) are vital components of our genetic material that play a significant role in cellular aging and stability. Their study not only enhances our understanding of the biological processes underlying aging but also paves the way for potential interventions that could improve health and longevity. As research continues to evolve, the mysteries of telomeres will undoubtedly reveal more about the intricate relationship between genetics, aging, and disease.

在遗传学领域，很少有概念像端粒（telomere）那样引人入胜且重要。这些结构位于染色体的末端，在细胞老化和遗传稳定性维护中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解端粒对于掌握我们细胞的功能及其如何影响衰老过程至关重要。每当细胞分裂时，其染色体必须复制，而这个复制过程并不是完美的。DNA复制机制无法完全复制线性染色体的末端，导致端粒逐渐缩短。这种缩短是细胞周期的自然部分，并发生在大多数体细胞中。随着时间的推移，当端粒缩短到临界长度以下时，细胞将不再能分裂，进入一种称为衰老的状态。这是我们衰老的原因之一；随着细胞失去分裂能力，组织再生变得不那么有效，从而导致器官功能和整体活力的下降。有趣的是，端粒并不仅仅是被动结构。它们通过一种名为端粒酶（telomerase）的酶积极维持，该酶将重复的核苷酸序列添加到端粒的末端。在大多数体细胞中，端粒酶的活性较低或缺失，导致端粒逐渐缩短。然而，在干细胞和癌细胞中，端粒酶通常会重新激活，使这些细胞能够绕过正常的分裂限制。这对癌症生物学具有重要意义，因为许多肿瘤表现出延长的端粒，使它们能够不受控制地增殖。对端粒的研究开辟了老化和再生医学领域的新途径。科学家们正在研究操纵端粒和端粒酶活性的方法，以潜在地延长细胞的生命周期并延缓衰老过程。例如，饮食、锻炼和压力管理等生活方式因素已被证明会影响端粒的长度。研究表明，过着健康生活方式的人往往拥有更长的端粒，这可能与年龄相关疾病的风险较低相关。此外，端粒的研究不仅限于人类健康；它还对理解进化和物种寿命具有重要意义。不同物种表现出不同的端粒长度和缩短速率，这可能影响它们的寿命和繁殖策略。例如，一些鸟类的端粒异常长，这可能使它们与其他动物相比更长寿。总之，端粒（telomere）是我们遗传物质的重要组成部分，在细胞老化和稳定性中发挥着重要作用。它们的研究不仅增强了我们对衰老背后生物过程的理解，而且为改善健康和延长寿命的潜在干预措施铺平了道路。随着研究的不断发展，端粒的奥秘无疑将揭示更多关于遗传学、衰老和疾病之间复杂关系的信息。