horizontal price fixing

简明释义

横向统一价格,横向限价

英英释义

例句

1.The lawsuit against the tech giants was filed due to allegations of horizontal price fixing 横向价格垄断 in software pricing.

针对科技巨头的诉讼是因其在软件定价中涉嫌横向价格垄断 横向价格垄断而提起的。

2.Consumers often suffer when companies engage in horizontal price fixing 横向价格垄断 because it leads to higher prices.

当公司参与横向价格垄断 横向价格垄断时，消费者往往会受到影响，因为这会导致价格上涨。

3.The recent investigation revealed that several companies were involved in horizontal price fixing 横向价格垄断 to increase their profit margins.

最近的调查显示，几家公司参与了横向价格垄断 横向价格垄断以提高他们的利润率。

4.The government has strict laws against horizontal price fixing 横向价格垄断 to maintain fair competition in the market.

政府对横向价格垄断 横向价格垄断有严格的法律，以维护市场的公平竞争。

5.During the audit, the accountant discovered evidence of horizontal price fixing 横向价格垄断 among local suppliers.

在审计过程中，会计发现当地供应商之间存在横向价格垄断 横向价格垄断的证据。

作文

In the realm of economics and business, competition is often regarded as a driving force for innovation and consumer choice. However, there are instances where companies engage in practices that undermine this competition, one of which is known as horizontal price fixing. This concept refers to an agreement among competitors at the same level of the supply chain to set prices at a certain level, thereby eliminating competition and manipulating the market. Such collusion can have dire consequences for consumers and the economy as a whole.To better understand horizontal price fixing, it is important to recognize its implications. When companies agree to fix prices, they essentially create a monopoly-like environment where consumers have no choice but to pay the inflated prices set by these businesses. For example, if several manufacturers of a particular product agree to sell it at a predetermined price, consumers lose the benefit of competitive pricing. This not only harms individual consumers but also stifles innovation, as companies have less incentive to improve their products or services when they are guaranteed a certain profit margin.The legality of horizontal price fixing varies by jurisdiction, but it is generally considered illegal in many countries due to its anti-competitive nature. Regulatory bodies, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States, actively monitor and investigate cases of price fixing. Companies found guilty of engaging in such practices can face severe penalties, including hefty fines and restrictions on their business operations. This enforcement is crucial in maintaining a fair marketplace where competition can thrive.Moreover, the impact of horizontal price fixing extends beyond just the immediate financial consequences for consumers. It can lead to a ripple effect throughout the economy, affecting job creation, investment, and overall economic growth. When prices are artificially inflated, it can reduce consumer spending, leading to lower demand for goods and services. This can ultimately result in layoffs and a slowdown in economic activity, which is detrimental to society as a whole.In addition to the economic ramifications, horizontal price fixing raises ethical questions about corporate responsibility. Businesses have a duty to operate fairly and transparently, ensuring that their practices do not exploit consumers or hinder competition. Engaging in price fixing not only breaches legal standards but also undermines the trust that consumers place in businesses. Companies that prioritize short-term gains over ethical considerations risk damaging their reputation and losing customer loyalty in the long run.In conclusion, horizontal price fixing is a troubling practice that poses significant risks to both consumers and the economy. It disrupts the natural dynamics of competition, leading to higher prices and reduced innovation. As consumers, it is vital to remain vigilant and support regulatory efforts aimed at curbing such practices. Ultimately, fostering a competitive marketplace benefits everyone by promoting fair prices, encouraging innovation, and ensuring that businesses operate ethically. By understanding the implications of horizontal price fixing, we can better advocate for a fairer economic landscape that serves the interests of all stakeholders involved.

在经济和商业领域，竞争通常被视为创新和消费者选择的推动力。然而，有一些情况下，公司会采取破坏这种竞争的做法，其中之一被称为横向价格垄断。这个概念指的是供应链同一层级的竞争者之间达成协议，以某一特定水平设定价格，从而消除竞争并操纵市场。这种勾结对消费者和整个经济可能产生严重后果。要更好地理解横向价格垄断，重要的是要认识到其影响。当公司同意固定价格时，他们实际上创造了一个类似于垄断的环境，消费者别无选择，只能支付这些企业设定的高价。例如，如果几家特定产品的制造商同意以预定价格出售该产品，消费者就失去了竞争定价的好处。这不仅对个人消费者造成伤害，还抑制了创新，因为公司在保证一定利润率的情况下，改善其产品或服务的动力减少。横向价格垄断的合法性因管辖区而异，但在许多国家通常被视为非法。监管机构，如美国的联邦贸易委员会（FTC），积极监测和调查价格垄断案件。被发现参与此类行为的公司可能面临严厉的处罚，包括巨额罚款和业务运营限制。这种执法对于维护一个公平的市场环境至关重要，使得竞争能够蓬勃发展。此外，横向价格垄断的影响不仅限于消费者的直接财务后果。它可能在整个经济中引发连锁反应，影响就业创造、投资和整体经济增长。当价格被人为抬高时，可能会减少消费者支出，从而导致对商品和服务的需求下降。这最终可能导致裁员和经济活动放缓，对整个社会都是有害的。除了经济后果外，横向价格垄断还引发了关于企业责任的伦理问题。企业有责任公平透明地运营，确保其做法不会剥削消费者或阻碍竞争。从事价格垄断不仅违反法律标准，还破坏了消费者对企业的信任。优先考虑短期利益而忽视伦理考量的公司，风险在长期内损害其声誉并失去客户忠诚度。总之，横向价格垄断是一种令人担忧的做法，对消费者和经济构成重大风险。它扰乱了竞争的自然动态，导致价格上涨和创新减少。作为消费者，保持警惕并支持旨在遏制此类行为的监管努力至关重要。最终，促进一个竞争的市场环境使每个人受益，通过推动公平价格、鼓励创新，并确保企业道德经营。通过理解横向价格垄断的影响，我们可以更好地倡导一个为所有相关利益方服务的更公平的经济格局。