general average loss

简明释义

共同海损损失

英英释义

例句

1.During the voyage, a storm caused significant damage, leading to a general average loss 共同海损 declaration.

在航行过程中，一场风暴造成了重大损失，导致宣布general average loss 共同海损。

2.All cargo owners were notified about the general average loss 共同海损 and required to contribute to the expenses.

所有货主都被通知有关general average loss 共同海损，并要求共同承担费用。

3.The calculation of general average loss 共同海损 is based on the value of the cargo and the costs incurred during the emergency.

general average loss 共同海损的计算基于货物的价值和在紧急情况下产生的费用。

4.In maritime law, a shipowner may claim compensation for a general average loss 共同海损 when cargo is sacrificed to save the vessel.

在海事法中，当货物被牺牲以拯救船只时，船东可以申请general average loss 共同海损的赔偿。

5.The insurance policy covers general average loss 共同海损, ensuring that all parties share the costs of saving the ship.

保险政策涵盖general average loss 共同海损，确保所有各方共同承担拯救船只的费用。

作文

In the world of maritime law and shipping, the term general average loss refers to a principle that ensures fair distribution of losses among all parties involved in a maritime venture when a voluntary sacrifice is made to save the ship and its cargo. This concept is crucial for maintaining equity among shipowners, cargo owners, and insurers. When a vessel encounters peril, such as a storm or fire, the captain may decide to jettison some cargo to stabilize the ship and prevent total loss. In such cases, the financial burden of the lost cargo is shared by all stakeholders based on their respective interests in the voyage.The origins of general average loss can be traced back to ancient maritime practices, where sailors would agree upon certain rules to govern their collective responsibilities and liabilities. Over time, these practices evolved into formal legal frameworks that are now recognized internationally. One of the key aspects of this principle is that it only applies to losses that are incurred intentionally and for the common good. For instance, if a ship is caught in a severe storm and the captain decides to throw overboard a portion of the cargo to save the ship and the remaining cargo, this act is considered a general average sacrifice.To illustrate how general average loss works, let us consider a hypothetical scenario. Imagine a cargo ship carrying goods worth $1 million experiences an engine failure while crossing a stormy sea. To avoid capsizing, the captain orders the crew to throw overboard $200,000 worth of cargo. In this case, the total loss incurred is $200,000, which will be shared among all the cargo owners based on the value of their respective goods. If one owner had $500,000 worth of goods on board, they would contribute a proportionate amount toward the loss, which would be calculated as follows: ($200,000 / $1,000,000) * $500,000 = $100,000. This means that the owner would bear a loss of $100,000 due to the general average loss principle.The process of determining general average loss requires meticulous documentation and assessment of the circumstances leading to the loss. A general average adjustment is typically conducted by a marine adjuster who evaluates the situation, calculates the losses, and prepares a statement that outlines the contributions required from each party involved. This process can be complex and time-consuming, often involving negotiations among various stakeholders, including shipowners, cargo owners, and insurance companies.Furthermore, it is important to note that general average loss is distinct from particular average, which refers to losses that are borne by individual owners without the need for contribution from others. This distinction underscores the collaborative nature of maritime ventures where risks are shared, and sacrifices made for the collective benefit must be equitably distributed.In conclusion, understanding the concept of general average loss is essential for anyone involved in maritime activities. It highlights the importance of cooperation and shared responsibility among all parties in the shipping industry. By adhering to this principle, stakeholders can ensure that losses incurred during unforeseen events are managed fairly, promoting trust and collaboration in maritime commerce. The historical significance and ongoing relevance of general average loss underscore its vital role in the safe and equitable operation of maritime trade.

在海事法和航运的世界中，术语一般平均损失指的是一种原则，该原则确保在海上冒险中所有相关方之间公平分配损失，当为了拯救船只及其货物而自愿牺牲时。这一概念对于维护船东、货主和保险公司之间的公平至关重要。当船舶遇到危险，例如风暴或火灾，船长可能会决定抛弃一些货物以稳定船只并防止全部损失。在这种情况下，丧失的货物的经济负担由所有利益相关者根据他们在航程中的各自利益共同承担。一般平均损失的起源可以追溯到古代海事实践，当时水手们会就某些规则达成一致，以管理他们的集体责任和义务。随着时间的推移，这些实践演变为如今国际公认的正式法律框架。该原则的一个关键方面是，它仅适用于因共同利益而故意产生的损失。例如，如果一艘船在严重风暴中被困，船长决定抛弃一部分货物以拯救船只和剩余货物，则这一行为被视为一般平均牺牲。为了说明一般平均损失的运作方式，让我们考虑一个假设场景。想象一艘货船载着价值100万美元的货物，在穿越暴风雨的海域时发生了发动机故障。为了避免翻船，船长命令船员抛弃价值20万美元的货物。在这种情况下，总损失为20万美元，将根据各自货物的价值在所有货主之间分摊。如果一位货主的货物价值50万美元，他们将按比例承担损失，这可以通过以下计算得出：（20万美元/100万美元）*50万美元=10万美元。这意味着该货主因一般平均损失原则将承受10万美元的损失。确定一般平均损失的过程需要细致的文档记录和对导致损失的情况的评估。一般平均调整通常由海事调整员进行，他们评估情况，计算损失，并准备一份陈述，概述每个相关方所需的贡献。这一过程可能复杂且耗时，通常涉及船东、货主和保险公司等各方之间的谈判。此外，重要的是要注意，一般平均损失与特定平均损失是不同的，后者指的是由单个所有者承担的损失，无需其他人的贡献。这一区别强调了海上冒险的合作性质，其中风险是共享的，为共同利益而做出的牺牲必须公平分配。总之，理解一般平均损失的概念对于任何参与海事活动的人来说都是至关重要的。它突显了航运行业中所有相关方之间合作和共同责任的重要性。遵循这一原则，各利益相关者可以确保在不可预见事件中产生的损失得到公平管理，从而促进海上贸易中的信任与合作。一般平均损失的历史重要性和持续相关性突显了其在安全和公平操作海上贸易中的重要作用。