public goods

简明释义

公用消费品

英英释义

例句

1.National defense is often cited as a classic example of public goods (公共物品).

国家防御常被引用为经典的公共物品例子。

2.Clean air is one of the most essential public goods (公共物品) we all rely on.

清洁空气是我们所有人都依赖的最基本的公共物品。

3.Street lighting is a vital example of public goods (公共物品) that benefits everyone in the community.

街道照明是一个重要的公共物品，惠及社区中的每一个人。

4.The internet is increasingly seen as a necessary public goods (公共物品) for modern society.

互联网越来越被视为现代社会必需的公共物品。

5.Public parks are considered public goods (公共物品) because they are open to everyone.

公共公园被视为公共物品，因为它们对所有人开放。

作文

Public goods are essential elements in the functioning of a society. They are defined as goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that one person's use of the good does not diminish another person's ability to use it, and no one can be effectively excluded from using it. Examples of public goods (公共物品) include clean air, national defense, and public parks. These goods are crucial for the well-being of a community and often require government intervention for their provision.The concept of public goods (公共物品) is significant because it highlights a fundamental issue in economics known as the "free rider problem." This occurs when individuals benefit from resources, goods, or services without paying for them, leading to underproduction or depletion of those goods. For instance, if a public park is maintained by taxpayer money, individuals who do not contribute to the tax system still enjoy the benefits of the park. This situation can discourage private investment in the maintenance and improvement of such facilities.Moreover, public goods (公共物品) often face challenges related to funding and sustainability. Since these goods are available to everyone, it can be difficult to generate revenue directly from their use. Governments typically fund public goods (公共物品) through taxation, but this can lead to debates about how much should be taxed and how funds should be allocated. The allocation of resources to public goods (公共物品) is a critical issue in public policy, requiring careful consideration of societal needs and priorities.In contrast to private goods, which are sold in markets and can be owned by individuals, public goods (公共物品) serve a collective purpose. They are vital for ensuring that all members of society have access to basic needs and services. This is particularly important in areas like education and healthcare, where the government often steps in to provide services that would be underprovided if left solely to the market.One of the most pressing examples of public goods (公共物品) today is climate stability. Clean air and a stable climate are necessary for the survival of all living beings, yet they are threatened by pollution and climate change. This illustrates the need for collective action and government policies to protect our environment. Without intervention, the degradation of these essential resources can lead to disastrous consequences for future generations.Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of public goods (公共物品) such as public health systems. The rapid spread of the virus demonstrated how interconnected we are as a global community. Vaccines, testing, and healthcare services are all considered public goods (公共物品) that require cooperation and investment from governments and societies alike.In conclusion, understanding the concept of public goods (公共物品) is crucial for recognizing the role of government and the importance of collective action in addressing societal challenges. As we face global issues such as climate change and public health crises, prioritizing the provision and maintenance of public goods (公共物品) will be essential for building a sustainable and equitable future. It is imperative that we advocate for policies that support the creation and preservation of these vital resources, ensuring that they remain accessible for all.

公共物品是社会运作中的基本要素。它们被定义为非排他性和非竞争性的商品，意味着一个人对该商品的使用不会减少另一个人使用该商品的能力，并且没有人可以有效地被排除在外。公共物品（public goods）的例子包括清洁空气、国家防御和公共公园。这些商品对于社区的福祉至关重要，并且通常需要政府的干预来提供。公共物品（public goods）这一概念的重要性在于它突显了经济学中一个基本问题，即“搭便车问题”。当个人在没有支付的情况下从资源、商品或服务中受益时，就会发生这种情况，导致这些商品的生产不足或枯竭。例如，如果一个公共公园由纳税人的钱维护，则不向税收系统贡献的人仍然享受公园的好处。这种情况可能会抑制私人对这些设施的维护和改善的投资。此外，公共物品（public goods）通常面临与资金和可持续性相关的挑战。由于这些商品对每个人都可用，因此很难通过使用直接产生收入。政府通常通过征税来资助公共物品（public goods），但这可能会导致关于应该征收多少税以及如何分配资金的辩论。资源分配给公共物品（public goods）是公共政策中的关键问题，需要仔细考虑社会需求和优先事项。与在市场上出售并可以被个人拥有的私人商品相比，公共物品（public goods）服务于集体目的。它们对于确保所有社会成员获得基本需求和服务至关重要。这在教育和医疗等领域尤为重要，政府通常介入提供如果仅依靠市场将会被不足提供的服务。当今最紧迫的公共物品（public goods）例子之一是气候稳定。清洁空气和稳定的气候是所有生物生存所必需的，但它们受到污染和气候变化的威胁。这说明了集体行动和政府政策保护我们环境的必要性。如果不采取干预措施，这些基本资源的退化可能会对未来几代人造成灾难性后果。此外，COVID-19大流行突显了公共物品（public goods）如公共卫生系统的重要性。病毒的快速传播证明了我们作为全球社区的相互联系。疫苗、检测和医疗服务都是被视为公共物品（public goods）的，它们需要政府和社会的合作和投资。总之，理解公共物品（public goods）这一概念对于认识政府的角色和集体行动在解决社会挑战中的重要性至关重要。随着我们面临气候变化和公共卫生危机等全球问题，优先考虑公共物品（public goods）的提供和维护将对建立一个可持续和公平的未来至关重要。我们必须倡导支持创造和保护这些重要资源的政策，确保它们对所有人保持可及。