total surplus

简明释义

公积金总额

英英释义

例句

1.After calculating all revenues and expenses, the company found a total surplus of $1 million.

在计算所有收入和支出后，公司发现有一个总盈余为100万美元。

2.The total surplus from the charity event will be used to support local schools.

慈善活动的总盈余将用于支持当地学校。

3.The government reported that the national budget had a total surplus this year, indicating a healthy economy.

政府报告称，今年国家预算有一个总盈余，这表明经济健康。

4.Non-profit organizations aim to achieve a total surplus to reinvest into their programs.

非营利组织旨在实现总盈余以重新投资于他们的项目。

5.The total surplus in the market can lead to lower prices for consumers.

市场中的总盈余可能导致消费者价格下降。

作文

In economics, the concept of total surplus is crucial for understanding the efficiency of markets. 总剩余 refers to the combined benefits that consumers and producers receive from participating in a market. It is the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus, which together measure the overall economic welfare generated in a given market. To illustrate this, let's consider a simple example involving a market for apples. When consumers purchase apples, they are willing to pay different prices based on their individual preferences and budgets. The highest price any consumer is willing to pay for an apple defines their consumer surplus, which is the difference between what they are willing to pay and what they actually pay. For instance, if a consumer is willing to pay $3 for an apple but buys it for only $2, their consumer surplus is $1. This surplus represents the extra benefit that the consumer receives from the transaction.On the other hand, producers also have their own pricing structure. Each producer has a minimum price at which they are willing to sell apples, which is often determined by their costs of production. The difference between the market price and the minimum price that producers are willing to accept constitutes their producer surplus. For example, if a producer is willing to sell an apple for $1 but sells it for $2, their producer surplus is also $1. When we add the consumer surplus and producer surplus together, we arrive at the total surplus. In our apple market example, if there are many consumers and producers, the total surplus could be substantial, indicating a high level of economic efficiency. This efficiency is achieved when resources are allocated in such a way that maximizes the total benefits to society. Understanding total surplus is important for policymakers as well. When evaluating the impact of taxes, subsidies, or regulations, policymakers can assess how these changes affect the 总剩余 in the market. For instance, introducing a tax on apples might reduce the quantity sold, leading to a decrease in both consumer and producer surplus, ultimately reducing the total surplus. This reduction signifies a loss of economic efficiency, highlighting the trade-offs that come with government intervention. Moreover, the total surplus can help economists analyze the effects of monopolies versus competitive markets. In a monopolistic market, the monopolist may restrict output to raise prices, resulting in a lower 总剩余 compared to a competitive market where prices are driven down by competition. By comparing the total surplus in different market structures, economists can provide insights into the benefits of competition and the drawbacks of monopoly power. In conclusion, the concept of total surplus is vital for assessing market performance and efficiency. By measuring the combined welfare of consumers and producers, we can better understand the implications of market changes and government policies. The 总剩余 serves as a key indicator of economic health, guiding decisions that aim to enhance societal welfare. Therefore, grasping the intricacies of total surplus is essential for anyone studying economics or involved in policy-making.

在经济学中，总剩余的概念对于理解市场的效率至关重要。总剩余指的是消费者和生产者参与市场所获得的综合利益。它是消费者剩余和生产者剩余的总和，这两者共同衡量了在特定市场中产生的整体经济福利。为了说明这一点，让我们考虑一个涉及苹果市场的简单例子。当消费者购买苹果时，他们愿意根据个人偏好和预算支付不同的价格。任何消费者愿意为一个苹果支付的最高价格定义了他们的消费者剩余，即他们愿意支付的价格与他们实际支付的价格之间的差额。例如，如果一个消费者愿意为一个苹果支付3美元，但只花了2美元，那么他们的消费者剩余就是1美元。这种剩余代表了消费者从交易中获得的额外利益。另一方面，生产者也有自己的定价结构。每个生产者都有一个最低价格，在这个价格下他们愿意出售苹果，这通常由他们的生产成本决定。市场价格与生产者愿意接受的最低价格之间的差额构成了他们的生产者剩余。例如，如果一个生产者愿意以1美元的价格出售一个苹果，但以2美元的价格出售，那么他们的生产者剩余也是1美元。当我们将消费者剩余和生产者剩余相加时，我们得到了总剩余。在我们的苹果市场示例中，如果有许多消费者和生产者，总剩余可能会非常可观，表明经济效率水平很高。这种效率是在资源配置的方式最大化社会的总利益时实现的。理解总剩余对于政策制定者也很重要。当评估税收、补贴或监管的影响时，政策制定者可以评估这些变化如何影响市场中的总剩余。例如，对苹果征税可能会减少销售数量，从而导致消费者和生产者剩余的减少，最终减少总剩余。这种减少标志着经济效率的损失，突显了政府干预所带来的权衡。此外，总剩余还可以帮助经济学家分析垄断与竞争市场的影响。在垄断市场中，垄断者可能会限制产量以提高价格，从而导致与竞争市场相比，总剩余的降低。在比较不同市场结构中的总剩余时，经济学家可以提供关于竞争的好处和垄断权力缺点的见解。总之，总剩余的概念对于评估市场表现和效率至关重要。通过测量消费者和生产者的综合福利，我们可以更好地理解市场变化和政府政策的影响。总剩余作为经济健康的关键指标，指导着旨在增强社会福利的决策。因此，掌握总剩余的复杂性对于任何学习经济学或参与政策制定的人来说都是必不可少的。