public goods

简明释义

公共财,公共财货,公共货物

英英释义

例句

1.Public parks are important public goods 公共物品 that provide recreational space for communities.

公共公园是为社区提供娱乐空间的重要公共物品 公共物品。

2.Clean air is considered one of the most essential public goods 公共物品 that everyone benefits from.

清洁空气被认为是每个人都受益的最重要的公共物品 公共物品之一。

3.Street lighting is a necessary public goods 公共物品 that enhances safety at night.

街道照明是提高夜间安全的必要公共物品 公共物品。

4.National defense is a classic example of public goods 公共物品 that protects all citizens.

国家防御是保护所有公民的经典公共物品 公共物品的例子。

5.Education is often funded by the government as it is seen as a vital public goods 公共物品 for society.

教育通常由政府资助，因为它被视为社会重要的公共物品 公共物品。

作文

Public goods are essential resources that benefit all members of society, and they play a crucial role in the overall functioning of an economy. These goods are characterized by two main features: non-excludability and non-rivalry. Non-excludability means that it is impossible to prevent individuals from using the good, while non-rivalry indicates that one person's use of the good does not diminish its availability for others. Examples of public goods (公共物品) include clean air, national defense, and public parks. The importance of public goods (公共物品) cannot be overstated. They contribute to the well-being of society by providing essential services that would otherwise be underprovided in a free market. For instance, consider national defense. It is a classic example of a public good (公共物品) because once it is provided, everyone benefits from it regardless of whether they contribute to its funding. If national defense were left to private companies, many individuals might choose not to pay for it, leading to a situation where the country is vulnerable to threats. Another significant aspect of public goods (公共物品) is their ability to promote social equity. By ensuring that everyone has access to essential services, public goods (公共物品) help to level the playing field among different socioeconomic groups. For example, public education is a public good (公共物品) that allows children from all backgrounds to receive an education, which is vital for personal and societal development. Without such provisions, disparities in wealth and opportunity would likely widen, leading to social unrest and decreased quality of life for many. However, the provision of public goods (公共物品) comes with challenges. One major issue is the 'free rider problem,' where individuals can benefit from the good without contributing to its cost. This phenomenon can lead to underfunding and inadequate provision of public goods (公共物品). For example, if a community decides to build a public park but relies on voluntary donations, those who do not contribute may still enjoy the park's benefits, discouraging others from donating. To address these challenges, governments often step in to provide public goods (公共物品) through taxation and regulation. By collecting taxes, governments can fund essential services and ensure that everyone contributes to the maintenance and improvement of these resources. Additionally, government intervention can help to ensure that public goods (公共物品) are distributed fairly and efficiently, reaching those who need them the most. In conclusion, public goods (公共物品) are vital for the well-being and functioning of society. They provide essential services that benefit everyone and promote social equity. While there are challenges associated with their provision, government intervention plays a crucial role in ensuring that these goods are adequately funded and accessible to all. As we continue to face global challenges such as climate change and public health crises, the importance of public goods (公共物品) will only grow, making it imperative for societies to prioritize their provision and maintenance.

公共物品是惠及全体社会成员的重要资源，它们在经济的整体运作中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些物品的两个主要特征是非排他性和非竞争性。非排他性意味着无法阻止个人使用该物品，而非竞争性则表明一个人对该物品的使用不会减少其他人的可用性。公共物品（public goods）的例子包括清洁空气、国家防御和公共公园。公共物品（公共物品）的重要性不容小觑。它们通过提供在自由市场中可能不足的基本服务，促进了社会的福祉。例如，国家防御就是一个典型的公共物品（公共物品）例子，因为一旦提供，所有人都能受益，无论他们是否为其资金做出贡献。如果国家防御交给私人公司，许多人可能选择不支付，从而导致国家在威胁面前脆弱。公共物品（公共物品）的另一个重要方面是它们促进社会公平的能力。通过确保每个人都能获得基本服务，公共物品（公共物品）帮助不同社会经济群体之间缩小差距。例如，公共教育就是一个公共物品（公共物品），它使来自各个背景的儿童都能接受教育，这对个人和社会发展至关重要。如果没有这样的保障，财富和机会的不平等可能会加大，导致社会动荡和许多人生活质量的下降。然而，提供公共物品（公共物品）也面临挑战。一个主要问题是“搭便车”现象，即个人可以在不承担费用的情况下从中受益。这种现象可能导致公共物品（公共物品）的资金不足和提供不充分。例如，如果一个社区决定建造一个公共公园，但依靠自愿捐款，那么那些不捐款的人仍然可以享受公园的好处，从而抑制他人捐款的意愿。为了解决这些挑战，政府通常会通过税收和监管介入来提供公共物品（公共物品）。通过征收税款，政府可以资助基本服务，并确保每个人都为维护和改善这些资源做出贡献。此外，政府干预有助于确保公共物品（公共物品）公平高效地分配，确保那些最需要它们的人能够获得。总之，公共物品（公共物品）对社会的福祉和运作至关重要。它们提供惠及所有人的基本服务，促进社会公平。尽管存在与其提供相关的挑战，但政府干预在确保这些物品得到适当资金和所有人可及方面发挥着关键作用。随着我们继续面临气候变化和公共卫生危机等全球挑战，公共物品（公共物品）的重要性只会增加，使得社会必须优先考虑其提供和维护。