meiosis

简明释义

英[maɪˈəʊsɪs]美[maɪˈoʊsɪs]

n. [细胞] 减数分裂；[遗][细胞] 成熟分裂

复 数 m e i o s e s

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.Radically normal meiosis occur- red in Y-PMC_s.

Y 型不育系的小孢子发生过程基本正常。

2.The main reason of abnormal meiosis of PMC are the complicated cytological reaction of recipient after exogenous DNA introduced into recipient chromoses.

这些染色体异常可能是异源DNA整合到受体染色体，进行染色体重排所引起的复杂细胞学反应。

3.Our experiments identified that miR-34c may promote meiosis process by interacting with Nanos2 leading up-regulation of Stra8 in mouse spermatogonial stem cells.

我们的实验证实，在老鼠精原干细胞中，miR-34c通过与Nanos2+相互作用可能促 进减数分裂导致 Stra8 的上调。

4.The heterozygote genotypes in F2 population in this type of species are different from those in general species in which the genetic recombination occurs in meiosis of both male and female.

这类物种的杂交F2群体中杂合子基因型的与一般物种中雌雄个体的减数分裂细胞都发生遗传重组的F2群体杂合子表型不同。

5.This means that homologous chromosomes failed to pair together during meiosis and chromosomes formed fewer crossovers, i. e. sites where they recombine, during the initial stages of meiosis.

这意味着减数分裂中同源染色体不能配对，染色体间形成的交叉也会更少（例如，在减数分裂早期的重组位点）。

6.Failure has often struck at the stage of meiosis, a type of cell division during which paired chromosomes swap DNA and the number of chromosomes per cell is halved.

减数分裂是在配对的染色体交换DNA和细胞内染色体数目减半时的一种细胞分裂。

7.When microspore mother cell preparing meiosis, abundant calcium precipitates appeared in cytoplasm of tapetal cells and microspore mother cells, and in callus wall surrounding the cells.

当花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时，花药绒毡层细胞和花粉母细胞中出现了许多的细小钙颗粒。

8.Synapsis (pairing) the association of homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis that leads to the production of a haploid number of bivalents.

偶线期时，以同源染色体活跃的、特定的配对(联会)为特征，形成了单倍数的二价染色体。

9.During sexual reproduction, the process of meiosis 减数分裂 ensures that gametes have half the number of chromosomes.

在有性生殖过程中，meiosis 减数分裂 确保配子具有一半的染色体数量。

10.In humans, meiosis 减数分裂 takes place in the ovaries and testes.

在人类中，meiosis 减数分裂 发生在卵巢和睾丸中。

11.Errors during meiosis 减数分裂 can lead to genetic disorders.

在 meiosis 减数分裂 期间的错误可能导致遗传疾病。

12.The study of meiosis 减数分裂 is crucial for understanding genetic diversity.

研究 meiosis 减数分裂 对于理解遗传多样性至关重要。

13.In plants, meiosis 减数分裂 occurs in the formation of spores.

在植物中，meiosis 减数分裂 发生在孢子的形成过程中。

作文

Meiosis is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in the reproduction of organisms. It is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes, which are the sex cells used in reproduction. In animals, these gametes are sperm and eggs, while in plants, they are pollen and ovules. Understanding meiosis (减数分裂) is essential for grasping how genetic variation occurs and how traits are passed from one generation to the next.The process of meiosis (减数分裂) consists of two main stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes, which are pairs of chromosomes containing the same genes but possibly different alleles, are separated into different cells. This stage includes several key phases: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Prophase I is particularly interesting because it is during this phase that crossing over occurs. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, which increases genetic diversity in the offspring.Following meiosis I, the cell undergoes meiosis II, which resembles mitosis, another type of cell division. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated into different cells. This results in four haploid cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes. These haploid cells can develop into gametes, which are crucial for sexual reproduction.The significance of meiosis (减数分裂) extends beyond just the production of gametes. It is also vital for maintaining the stability of an organism's chromosome number across generations. If meiosis did not occur, the chromosome number would double with each generation, leading to severe genetic imbalances. Thus, meiosis (减数分裂) ensures that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes, restoring the normal chromosome count.Moreover, meiosis (减数分裂) contributes to genetic variation, which is essential for evolution. The combination of genetic material from two parents during fertilization, along with the genetic recombination that occurs during crossing over in prophase I, creates offspring with unique genetic makeups. This variation is crucial for the survival of species, as it allows populations to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.In summary, meiosis (减数分裂) is a complex yet fascinating process that is fundamental to sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. By reducing the chromosome number and facilitating genetic recombination, meiosis (减数分裂) plays a vital role in ensuring the stability and variability of life on Earth. Understanding this process is not only important for biology students but also for anyone interested in the mechanisms of heredity and evolution. As we continue to explore the intricacies of genetics, the importance of meiosis (减数分裂) will undoubtedly remain a central focus in the study of life sciences.

减数分裂是一个基本的生物过程，在生物体的繁殖中起着关键作用。它是一种细胞分裂类型，通过将染色体数量减少一半，形成配子，即用于繁殖的性细胞。在动物中，这些配子是精子和卵子，而在植物中，它们是花粉和胚珠。理解meiosis（减数分裂）对掌握遗传变异的发生及特征如何从一代传递到下一代至关重要。meiosis（减数分裂）的过程由两个主要阶段组成：减数分裂I和减数分裂II。在减数分裂I期间，同源染色体，即含有相同基因但可能具有不同等位基因的染色体对，被分离到不同的细胞中。此阶段包括几个关键阶段：前期I、中期I、后期I和末期I。前期I尤其有趣，因为正是在这一阶段发生了交叉互换。交叉互换是同源染色体之间遗传物质的交换，增加了后代的遗传多样性。在减数分裂I之后，细胞经历减数分裂II，其过程类似于有丝分裂，另一种细胞分裂类型。在减数分裂II中，每条染色体的姐妹染色单体被分离到不同的细胞中。这导致形成四个单倍体细胞，每个细胞的染色体数量为原来的二分之一。这些单倍体细胞可以发育成配子，这对有性繁殖至关重要。meiosis（减数分裂）的重要性不仅仅在于配子的产生。它对于维持生物体在世代之间的染色体数量稳定也至关重要。如果没有减数分裂，随着每一代的出现，染色体数量将翻倍，从而导致严重的遗传失衡。因此，meiosis（减数分裂）确保在受精发生时，结果合子的染色体数恢复到正常的二倍体数量。此外，meiosis（减数分裂）促进遗传变异，这对进化至关重要。在受精过程中来自两个父母的遗传物质的组合，加上在前期I中交叉互换时发生的遗传重组，创造了具有独特遗传构成的后代。这种变异对物种的生存至关重要，因为它使种群能够适应不断变化的环境并抵抗疾病。总之，meiosis（减数分裂）是一个复杂而迷人的过程，是有性繁殖和遗传多样性的基础。通过减少染色体数量和促进遗传重组，meiosis（减数分裂）在确保地球生命的稳定性和多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。理解这一过程不仅对生物学学生重要，也对任何对遗传和进化机制感兴趣的人至关重要。随着我们继续探索遗传学的复杂性，meiosis（减数分裂）的重要性无疑将继续成为生命科学研究的中心焦点。