countervailing power

简明释义

抵销力量

英英释义

例句

1.International organizations can act as a countervailing power 反制力量 to unilateral actions by powerful nations.

国际组织可以作为强国单边行动的反制力量 countervailing power。

2.The judiciary can serve as a countervailing power 反制力量 against legislative overreach.

司法机构可以作为对立法过度扩张的反制力量 countervailing power。

3.In a democratic society, the media serves as a form of countervailing power 反制力量 against government authority.

在一个民主社会中，媒体作为对政府权威的反制力量 countervailing power。

4.Labor unions often act as a countervailing power 反制力量 to corporate interests in negotiations.

工会在谈判中通常作为企业利益的反制力量 countervailing power。

5.Consumer advocacy groups provide a countervailing power 反制力量 to large corporations by promoting fair practices.

消费者倡导组织通过促进公平实践，为大型企业提供了反制力量 countervailing power。

作文

In a world characterized by complex social dynamics and power structures, the concept of countervailing power becomes increasingly relevant. This term refers to the ability of one entity or group to counterbalance the power of another, ensuring that no single force dominates the landscape. The idea was popularized by political scientist David A. Baldwin, who argued that countervailing power is essential for maintaining a balance within society. In this essay, we will explore the significance of countervailing power in various contexts, including politics, economics, and social movements.Firstly, in the realm of politics, countervailing power plays a crucial role in democratic governance. Political systems thrive on the principle of checks and balances, where different branches of government hold each other accountable. For instance, the legislative branch can enact laws that limit the executive's power, while the judiciary ensures that both are acting within the bounds of the constitution. This interplay of powers exemplifies how countervailing power prevents tyranny and promotes a more equitable distribution of authority. Without such mechanisms, a single party or individual could easily monopolize power, leading to oppression and injustice.Secondly, in economics, countervailing power is vital in the marketplace. Large corporations often hold significant influence over prices and market conditions. However, the presence of labor unions and consumer advocacy groups can serve as a form of countervailing power. These organizations work to protect the interests of workers and consumers, negotiating fair wages and prices. For example, when a union represents a collective of workers, it can negotiate better working conditions and salaries, effectively countering the power of employers. Similarly, consumer groups can challenge monopolistic practices and advocate for fair pricing, ensuring that consumers have a voice in the economic landscape.Moreover, social movements embody the essence of countervailing power. Throughout history, marginalized groups have mobilized to challenge systemic injustices and assert their rights. Movements such as the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa illustrate how collective action can create a formidable countervailing power against oppressive regimes. These movements not only raise awareness about social issues but also compel governments to enact reforms that promote equality and justice. The success of such movements underscores the importance of solidarity and collective agency in achieving meaningful change.In conclusion, the concept of countervailing power is integral to the functioning of democratic societies, equitable economic systems, and effective social movements. By providing a mechanism for balance and accountability, countervailing power ensures that no single entity can dominate or exploit others. As we navigate the complexities of modern life, understanding and harnessing countervailing power will be essential in promoting justice, equity, and democratic values. It is a reminder that power is not static; rather, it is dynamic and constantly shifting, influenced by the actions and voices of individuals and groups striving for a more just society.

在一个社会动态和权力结构复杂的世界中，‘对抗性权力’这一概念变得越来越相关。这个术语指的是一个实体或群体抵消另一个实体或群体的能力，从而确保没有单一力量主导整个局面。该概念由政治学家大卫·A·鲍德温（David A. Baldwin）推广，他认为‘对抗性权力’对于维持社会平衡至关重要。在本文中，我们将探讨‘对抗性权力’在政治、经济和社会运动等不同背景下的重要性。首先，在政治领域，‘对抗性权力’在民主治理中发挥着关键作用。政治系统依赖于制衡原则，不同的政府分支相互监督。例如，立法分支可以制定法律限制行政权力，而司法机构则确保两者都在宪法范围内行事。这种权力的互动展示了‘对抗性权力’如何防止暴政并促进权力的更公平分配。如果没有这样的机制，单一政党或个人很容易垄断权力，导致压迫和不公。其次，在经济方面，‘对抗性权力’在市场中至关重要。大型企业往往对价格和市场条件拥有显著影响。然而，工会和消费者权益保护组织的存在可以作为一种‘对抗性权力’。这些组织致力于保护工人和消费者的利益，协商公平的工资和价格。例如，当一个工会代表一群工人时，它可以谈判更好的工作条件和薪资，有效地抵消雇主的权力。类似地，消费者团体可以挑战垄断行为并倡导公平定价，确保消费者在经济环境中有发言权。此外，社会运动体现了‘对抗性权力’的本质。历史上，边缘化群体动员起来挑战系统性不公并主张自身权利。美国的民权运动和南非的反种族隔离斗争等运动展示了集体行动如何形成强大的‘对抗性权力’，以对抗压迫政权。这些运动不仅提高了社会问题的认识，而且迫使政府采取促进平等和正义的改革。此类运动的成功突显了团结和集体行动在实现有意义变革中的重要性。总之，‘对抗性权力’这一概念对于民主社会的运作、公平经济体系和有效社会运动至关重要。通过提供一种平衡和问责的机制，‘对抗性权力’确保没有单一实体能够主导或剥削他人。当我们在现代生活的复杂性中航行时，理解和利用‘对抗性权力’将对促进正义、公平和民主价值观至关重要。这提醒我们，权力不是静态的；而是动态的，并且不断变化，受到为更公正社会而奋斗的个人和群体的行动和声音的影响。