cladogenesis

简明释义

英[ˌklædəˈdʒenəsɪs]美[ˌklædəˈdʒenɪsɪs]

n. 系枝发生；分枝进化

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.To study the phylogenetic status of some group from the view of lineage and stem species is helpful to integrate the knowledge about both of the anagenesis and the cladogenesis.

以支系和进化主干的视角看待某一类群的系统发育地位更有利于将前进进化与分支进化的认识相结合。

2.Biologists call this "cladogenesis."

新物种是如何诞生的？ 是由原物种分化而来（生物学家把这称为分枝进化/cladogenesis）。

3.To study the phylogenetic status of some group from the view of lineage and stem species is helpful to integrate the knowledge about both of the anagenesis and the cladogenesis.

以支系和进化主干的视角看待某一类群的系统发育地位更有利于将前进进化与分支进化的认识相结合。

4.The theory of evolution explains how species arise through processes such as cladogenesis.

进化论解释了物种是如何通过诸如分支演化的过程产生的。

5.Understanding cladogenesis helps scientists trace the evolutionary history of organisms.

理解分支演化有助于科学家追踪生物的进化历史。

6.The concept of cladogenesis is essential in the study of phylogenetics.

在系统发育学的研究中，分支演化的概念是必不可少的。

7.The fossil record provides evidence for cladogenesis occurring over millions of years.

化石记录提供了分支演化在数百万年间发生的证据。

8.In our biology class, we learned that cladogenesis can lead to the formation of new species from a common ancestor.

在我们的生物课上，我们了解到分支演化可以导致从共同祖先形成新物种。

作文

In the study of evolutionary biology, the concept of cladogenesis is pivotal for understanding how species evolve and diversify over time. Cladogenesis, or 分支演化, refers to the process by which a single lineage splits into two or more distinct lineages, leading to the emergence of new species. This phenomenon contrasts with anagenesis, where a single species evolves gradually over time without branching. The significance of cladogenesis lies in its ability to explain the diversity of life forms we see today, as it highlights the branching patterns of evolution that give rise to the rich tapestry of biodiversity.To illustrate the concept of cladogenesis, consider the evolution of mammals. Around 200 million years ago, the ancestors of modern mammals were small, shrew-like creatures. Through the process of cladogenesis, these early mammals diversified into various lineages, including primates, carnivores, and cetaceans. Each of these groups represents a distinct branch on the evolutionary tree, showcasing how one ancestral species can give rise to multiple descendant species through branching events.The mechanisms behind cladogenesis can be driven by several factors, including geographic isolation, ecological niches, and genetic mutations. For instance, when a population becomes separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or a body of water, the isolated groups may evolve independently. Over time, the accumulation of genetic differences can lead to reproductive isolation, resulting in the formation of new species—a clear example of cladogenesis in action.Moreover, cladogenesis plays a crucial role in the field of phylogenetics, which is the study of evolutionary relationships among species. By examining the branching patterns of evolution, scientists can construct phylogenetic trees that illustrate how different species are related to one another. These trees not only provide insights into the history of life on Earth but also help in understanding the processes that drive evolution. For example, the discovery of transitional fossils can shed light on how certain species evolved through cladogenesis, revealing the connections between ancient and modern organisms.In recent years, advancements in molecular biology and genetics have further enhanced our understanding of cladogenesis. By analyzing DNA sequences, researchers can identify genetic similarities and differences among species, allowing for a more precise reconstruction of evolutionary relationships. This molecular approach has provided compelling evidence for many instances of cladogenesis, confirming hypotheses that were previously based solely on morphological characteristics.In conclusion, cladogenesis is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that explains the branching patterns of evolution and the emergence of new species. By understanding cladogenesis, we gain valuable insights into the processes that shape the diversity of life on our planet. As research continues to uncover the complexities of evolution, the importance of cladogenesis will undoubtedly remain a central theme in our quest to comprehend the origins and relationships of all living organisms.

在进化生物学研究中，cladogenesis（分支演化）这一概念对于理解物种如何随时间演变和多样化至关重要。Cladogenesis 指的是一个谱系分裂成两个或多个不同谱系的过程，从而导致新物种的出现。这一现象与渐变演化（anagenesis）形成对比，后者是指一个物种逐渐演变而不发生分支。Cladogenesis 的重要性在于它能够解释我们今天所看到的生命形式的多样性，因为它突显了进化的分支模式，这些模式导致了生物多样性的丰富画卷。为了说明cladogenesis的概念，可以考虑哺乳动物的进化。大约两亿年前，现代哺乳动物的祖先是小型的、类似鼩鼱的生物。通过cladogenesis的过程，这些早期哺乳动物分化为多个谱系，包括灵长类动物、食肉动物和鲸类。每一个群体都代表了进化树上的一个独特分支，展示了一个祖先物种如何通过分支事件产生多个后代物种。导致cladogenesis的机制可以由几种因素驱动，包括地理隔离、生态位和基因突变。例如，当一个种群被地理障碍（如山脉或水体）隔开时，孤立的群体可能会独立进化。随着时间的推移，基因差异的积累可能导致生殖隔离，从而形成新物种——这是cladogenesis作用的明显例证。此外，cladogenesis 在系统发育学领域也发挥着关键作用，系统发育学是研究物种间进化关系的学科。通过研究进化的分支模式，科学家可以构建系统发育树，展示不同物种之间的关系。这些树不仅提供了关于地球生命历史的见解，还帮助我们理解推动进化的过程。例如，过渡化石的发现可以揭示某些物种如何通过cladogenesis进化，从而揭示古代和现代生物之间的联系。近年来，分子生物学和遗传学的进步进一步增强了我们对cladogenesis的理解。通过分析DNA序列，研究人员可以识别物种之间的基因相似性和差异，从而更精确地重建进化关系。这种分子方法为许多cladogenesis的实例提供了有力证据，确认了之前仅基于形态特征的假设。总之，cladogenesis 是进化生物学中的一个基本概念，它解释了进化的分支模式和新物种的出现。通过理解cladogenesis，我们获得了关于塑造我们星球上生命多样性的过程的重要见解。随着研究继续揭示进化的复杂性，cladogenesis的重要性无疑将继续成为我们理解所有生物起源和关系的中心主题。