full-employment deficit

简明释义

充分就业赤字

英英释义

例句

1.During periods of high employment, the full-employment deficit can indicate the need for fiscal adjustments.

在高就业期间，充分就业赤字可能表明需要财政调整。

2.The government's budget is influenced by the full-employment deficit, which refers to the shortfall when the economy is at its capacity.

政府的预算受到充分就业赤字的影响，指的是经济处于其能力时的短缺。

3.The full-employment deficit is a critical factor in determining government spending policies.

在确定政府支出政策时，充分就业赤字是一个关键因素。

4.A sustainable economy should aim to minimize the full-employment deficit while maximizing growth.

一个可持续的经济应该旨在最小化充分就业赤字同时最大化增长。

5.Economists often debate the implications of a rising full-employment deficit on inflation.

经济学家们常常讨论上升的充分就业赤字对通货膨胀的影响。

作文

The concept of a full-employment deficit refers to the fiscal situation where the government is running a budget deficit even when the economy is operating at full employment. This means that all individuals who are willing and able to work are employed, yet the government still spends more than it earns in revenue. Understanding this concept is crucial for economists and policymakers as it provides insight into the underlying health of an economy and the sustainability of government finances.To grasp the implications of a full-employment deficit, one must first understand what full employment means. Full employment does not imply zero unemployment; rather, it indicates that the only unemployment present is frictional or structural in nature. Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are temporarily between jobs, while structural unemployment arises from mismatches between workers' skills and job requirements. Therefore, at full employment, the economy is utilizing its resources efficiently, contributing to maximum output.Now, when a government runs a full-employment deficit, it suggests that the economy is healthy in terms of employment, but the government's financial practices may be unsustainable. This scenario can arise for several reasons. For instance, the government may be investing heavily in public projects aimed at stimulating growth, which can lead to increased spending despite high levels of employment. Alternatively, a full-employment deficit could indicate that the government is not collecting enough revenue through taxes to cover its expenditures, leading to borrowing and increasing national debt.The implications of a full-employment deficit can be significant. On one hand, it may signal that the economy is growing and that the government is actively investing in its future. On the other hand, if the deficit persists over time, it can lead to higher interest rates, crowding out private investment, and ultimately stifling economic growth. Moreover, persistent deficits can raise concerns about the government's ability to manage its finances, potentially leading to a loss of confidence among investors and credit rating agencies.Policymakers often face the challenge of balancing the need for government spending with the necessity of maintaining fiscal responsibility. In times of economic downturn, running a deficit can be justified as a means of stimulating growth; however, during periods of full employment, the rationale for continued deficit spending becomes less clear. This dilemma highlights the importance of understanding the context in which a full-employment deficit occurs.Ultimately, the concept of a full-employment deficit serves as a reminder that economic indicators are interconnected. While full employment is a positive sign, it does not automatically equate to sound fiscal policy. Economists and policymakers must analyze the broader economic context, including inflation rates, interest rates, and overall economic growth, to determine whether a deficit is sustainable or a cause for concern. By doing so, they can make informed decisions that promote long-term economic stability and growth.In conclusion, the full-employment deficit is a complex but essential concept in understanding modern economics. It reflects a situation where the government spends beyond its means even in a fully employed economy, raising important questions about fiscal policy and economic health. As we navigate the challenges of economic management, recognizing the nuances of such terms is vital for fostering a robust and sustainable economy.

‘充分就业赤字’这一概念指的是在经济处于充分就业状态下，政府仍然存在预算赤字的财政状况。这意味着所有愿意且能够工作的人都已就业，但政府支出的仍然超过其收入。理解这一概念对于经济学家和政策制定者至关重要，因为它提供了对经济健康状况及政府财政可持续性的深入见解。要掌握‘充分就业赤字’的含义，首先必须理解什么是充分就业。充分就业并不意味着零失业；而是表明存在的失业仅为摩擦性或结构性失业。因此，在充分就业的情况下，经济有效利用其资源，贡献最大产出。当政府出现‘充分就业赤字’时，表明经济在就业方面健康，但政府的财务实践可能不可持续。这种情况可能由于多种原因产生。例如，政府可能在公共项目上进行大量投资，以刺激增长，这可能导致尽管就业水平高，但支出依然增加。或者，‘充分就业赤字’可能表明政府通过税收未能收集到足够的收入来覆盖其支出，导致借贷和国家债务增加。‘充分就业赤字’的影响可能是显著的。一方面，它可能表明经济正在增长，政府积极投资于未来。另一方面，如果赤字长期存在，可能导致利率上升，挤出私人投资，最终抑制经济增长。此外，持续的赤字可能引发人们对政府管理财务能力的担忧，进而导致投资者和信用评级机构信心的丧失。政策制定者常常面临平衡政府支出需求与保持财政责任必要性的挑战。在经济衰退时期，运行赤字可以被视为刺激增长的一种手段；然而，在充分就业时期，继续赤字支出的理由变得不那么清晰。这一困境突显了理解‘充分就业赤字’发生背景的重要性。总之，‘充分就业赤字’这一概念提醒我们经济指标是相互关联的。尽管充分就业是一个积极的信号，但它并不自动等同于良好的财政政策。经济学家和政策制定者必须分析更广泛的经济背景，包括通货膨胀率、利率和整体经济增长，以确定赤字是否可持续或值得担忧。通过这样做，他们能够做出促进长期经济稳定和增长的明智决策。最后，‘充分就业赤字’是理解现代经济学的一个复杂但重要的概念。它反映了在充分就业经济中，政府支出超出其能力的情况，提出了关于财政政策和经济健康的重要问题。在我们应对经济管理的挑战时，认识到此类术语的细微差别对于促进强大和可持续的经济至关重要。