cost-pull deflation

简明释义

成本拉动通货紧缩

英英释义

例句

1.Many economists are concerned that cost-pull deflation 成本推动性通货紧缩 could lead to a recession if not addressed promptly.

许多经济学家担心，如果不及时解决，成本推动性通货紧缩 cost-pull deflation可能会导致经济衰退。

2.The government's failure to control rising costs has contributed to cost-pull deflation 成本推动性通货紧缩 in essential goods.

政府未能控制不断上涨的成本，导致必需品出现了成本推动性通货紧缩 cost-pull deflation。

3.In an economy facing cost-pull deflation 成本推动性通货紧缩, consumer spending often decreases due to higher production costs.

在面临成本推动性通货紧缩 cost-pull deflation的经济中，由于生产成本上升，消费者支出通常会减少。

4.Analysts predict that the upcoming tax increases could trigger cost-pull deflation 成本推动性通货紧缩 in certain sectors.

分析师预测即将到来的增税可能会在某些行业引发成本推动性通货紧缩 cost-pull deflation。

5.The recent hike in oil prices has led to a wave of cost-pull deflation 成本推动性通货紧缩 as companies struggle to maintain profit margins.

最近的油价上涨导致了一波成本推动性通货紧缩 cost-pull deflation，因为公司努力维持利润率。

作文

In the realm of economics, inflation and deflation are two critical concepts that influence the overall health of an economy. While inflation refers to the general increase in prices, deflation indicates a decrease in the price level of goods and services. One specific type of deflation is known as cost-pull deflation, which occurs when the costs of production rise, leading to a reduction in the overall supply of goods and services. This phenomenon can create a paradoxical situation where, despite rising production costs, the prices of goods may fall due to decreased demand or increased efficiency. Understanding cost-pull deflation is essential for economists, policymakers, and businesses alike, as it can significantly impact economic strategies and consumer behavior.To grasp the concept of cost-pull deflation, it is crucial to consider its causes. Typically, this type of deflation arises from increased costs associated with raw materials, labor, or overhead expenses. For instance, if the price of oil surges, industries that rely heavily on petroleum products may face higher operational costs. As these companies attempt to maintain their profit margins, they may reduce production levels, leading to fewer goods available in the market. Consequently, the reduced supply can drive prices down, particularly if consumer demand does not keep pace with the diminishing availability of products.Moreover, cost-pull deflation can also be influenced by technological advancements. When companies invest in new technologies that enhance efficiency, they may be able to produce more goods at lower costs. However, if this increased efficiency leads to an oversupply of products, it may result in falling prices. This scenario illustrates the complex relationship between supply and demand, where improvements in production can inadvertently contribute to deflationary pressures.The implications of cost-pull deflation can be profound. For consumers, falling prices may initially seem beneficial, as they can purchase goods at lower costs. However, prolonged periods of deflation can lead to decreased consumer confidence. When individuals anticipate that prices will continue to decline, they may postpone purchases, waiting for even lower prices. This behavior can further exacerbate the deflationary cycle, as reduced consumer spending leads to lower revenues for businesses, prompting them to cut costs, including wages and employment.From a macroeconomic perspective, cost-pull deflation poses significant challenges for governments and central banks. Traditional monetary policy tools, such as lowering interest rates, may prove ineffective in combating deflation. In such cases, central banks might resort to unconventional measures, such as quantitative easing, to stimulate economic activity. However, these strategies can have mixed results, and the risk of creating asset bubbles or increasing inequality remains a concern.In conclusion, cost-pull deflation represents a unique and complex economic phenomenon that arises from rising production costs and can lead to decreased prices in the market. Understanding its causes and effects is vital for navigating the challenges it presents. As economies continue to evolve, the interplay between production costs, supply, and consumer demand will remain crucial in shaping economic outcomes. Policymakers must remain vigilant in addressing the risks associated with cost-pull deflation to foster stable and sustainable economic growth.

在经济学领域，通货膨胀和通货紧缩是影响经济整体健康的两个关键概念。通货膨胀指的是价格的一般上涨，而通货紧缩则表示商品和服务价格水平的下降。其中一种特定类型的通货紧缩被称为成本推动型通货紧缩，它发生在生产成本上升时，导致商品和服务的整体供应减少。这种现象可能会造成一种悖论，即尽管生产成本上升，但由于需求减少或效率提高，商品价格可能会下降。理解成本推动型通货紧缩对经济学家、政策制定者和企业来说至关重要，因为它会显著影响经济策略和消费者行为。要掌握成本推动型通货紧缩的概念，首先必须考虑其原因。通常，这种类型的通货紧缩源于原材料、劳动力或间接费用的增加。例如，如果石油价格飙升，依赖石油产品的行业可能面临更高的运营成本。当这些公司试图维持利润率时，它们可能会减少生产水平，从而导致市场上可用商品的减少。因此，供应的减少可能会拉低价格，尤其是在消费者需求未能跟上商品减少的情况下。此外，成本推动型通货紧缩也可能受到技术进步的影响。当公司投资于提高效率的新技术时，它们可能能够以更低的成本生产更多商品。然而，如果这种效率的提高导致产品过剩，可能会导致价格下跌。这个场景说明了供需之间的复杂关系，其中生产的改善可能无意中导致通缩压力。成本推动型通货紧缩的影响可能是深远的。对于消费者而言，价格下跌最初似乎是有利的，因为他们可以以更低的成本购买商品。然而，长期的通货紧缩可能会导致消费者信心下降。当个人预期价格将继续下降时，他们可能会推迟购买，等待更低的价格。这种行为可能进一步加剧通缩周期，因为消费支出的减少导致企业收入降低，促使它们削减成本，包括工资和就业。从宏观经济的角度来看，成本推动型通货紧缩给政府和中央银行带来了重大挑战。传统的货币政策工具，如降低利率，可能在应对通货紧缩方面效果不佳。在这种情况下，中央银行可能会采取非常规措施，如量化宽松，以刺激经济活动。然而，这些策略可能效果不一，并且创造资产泡沫或加剧不平等的风险仍然存在。总之，成本推动型通货紧缩代表了一种独特而复杂的经济现象，它源于生产成本上升，并可能导致市场价格下降。理解其原因和影响对于应对其带来的挑战至关重要。随着经济的不断发展，生产成本、供应和消费者需求之间的相互作用将在塑造经济结果中保持关键作用。政策制定者必须保持警惕，以应对与成本推动型通货紧缩相关的风险，以促进稳定和可持续的经济增长。