Bretton Woods international monetary system

简明释义

布雷顿国际货币体系

英英释义

例句

1.Economists often debate the implications of the Bretton Woods international monetary system 布雷顿森林国际货币体系 on global trade.

经济学家们常常讨论布雷顿森林国际货币体系 对全球贸易的影响。

2.The Bretton Woods international monetary system 布雷顿森林国际货币体系 established the US dollar as the world's primary reserve currency.

布雷顿森林国际货币体系 确立了美元作为世界主要储备货币的地位。

3.The collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system 布雷顿森林国际货币体系 in the 1970s led to a shift towards floating exchange rates.

70年代，布雷顿森林国际货币体系 的崩溃导致了向浮动汇率的转变。

4.The establishment of the Bretton Woods international monetary system 布雷顿森林国际货币体系 was a response to the economic instability after World War II.

建立布雷顿森林国际货币体系 是对二战后经济不稳定的回应。

5.Many countries benefited from the fixed exchange rates provided by the Bretton Woods international monetary system 布雷顿森林国际货币体系 during its operation.

在布雷顿森林国际货币体系 运作期间，许多国家受益于固定汇率。

作文

The Bretton Woods international monetary system was established in 1944 during a conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. This system marked a significant turning point in the global economy following World War II. The primary aim of the Bretton Woods international monetary system was to create a stable framework for international economic cooperation and to prevent the economic chaos that had characterized the interwar years. At the heart of this system was the establishment of fixed exchange rates, where currencies were pegged to the US dollar, which in turn was convertible to gold at a fixed rate. This arrangement provided a sense of security and predictability in international trade and investment, fostering economic growth in many countries.One of the key features of the Bretton Woods international monetary system was the creation of two major institutions: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF was designed to monitor exchange rates and provide financial assistance to countries facing balance of payments problems, while the World Bank aimed to facilitate reconstruction and development projects in war-torn and developing nations. Together, these institutions played a crucial role in promoting international economic stability and cooperation.However, the Bretton Woods international monetary system faced numerous challenges over the decades. As the world economy grew and evolved, the fixed exchange rate system became increasingly difficult to maintain. The United States, being the issuer of the world's primary reserve currency, found itself in a precarious position. As other countries accumulated dollars, they began to question the sustainability of the US's ability to convert those dollars into gold. This tension culminated in the early 1970s when President Richard Nixon announced the suspension of the dollar's convertibility into gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods international monetary system in 1971.The collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system led to the rise of floating exchange rates, where currencies are valued based on market forces rather than fixed pegs. This transition brought about a new era in international finance, characterized by increased volatility and speculation in currency markets. While the end of the Bretton Woods international monetary system allowed for greater flexibility in monetary policy, it also introduced new challenges, such as currency crises and the risk of competitive devaluations.In retrospect, the Bretton Woods international monetary system was a groundbreaking initiative that laid the foundation for modern international economic relations. Its emphasis on cooperation and stability helped rebuild the war-torn economies of Europe and Japan, and its institutions continue to play vital roles in the global economy today. Despite its eventual collapse, the legacy of the Bretton Woods international monetary system remains influential, as policymakers and economists continue to grapple with the complexities of global finance in an interconnected world. Understanding the history and principles behind the Bretton Woods international monetary system is essential for comprehending current economic dynamics and the ongoing debates surrounding international monetary policy.

1944年，在新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林召开的一次会议上，建立了Bretton Woods国际货币体系。这一体系标志着第二次世界大战后全球经济的重要转折点。Bretton Woods国际货币体系的主要目标是创建一个稳定的国际经济合作框架，以防止战间期所特有的经济混乱。该体系的核心是建立固定汇率制度，各国货币与美元挂钩，而美元则可以按照固定汇率兑换黄金。这一安排在国际贸易和投资中提供了安全和可预测性，促进了许多国家的经济增长。Bretton Woods国际货币体系的一个关键特征是创建了两个主要机构：国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行。国际货币基金组织旨在监测汇率并为面临国际收支问题的国家提供金融援助，而世界银行则旨在促进战后和发展中国家的重建与发展项目。这两个机构共同在促进国际经济稳定与合作方面发挥了重要作用。然而，Bretton Woods国际货币体系在几十年中面临着诸多挑战。随着世界经济的增长和演变，固定汇率制度变得越来越难以维持。作为全球主要储备货币的发行国，美国发现自己处于一个危险的境地。随着其他国家积累美元，它们开始质疑美国将这些美元转换为黄金的可持续性。这种紧张局势在1970年代初达到高潮，当时理查德·尼克松总统宣布暂停美元与黄金的可兑换性，实际上结束了Bretton Woods国际货币体系。Bretton Woods国际货币体系的崩溃导致浮动汇率的兴起，各国货币的价值基于市场力量而非固定挂钩。这一过渡带来了国际金融的新纪元，特征是货币市场的波动性和投机性增加。虽然Bretton Woods国际货币体系的结束允许货币政策更大的灵活性，但也引入了新的挑战，例如货币危机和竞争性贬值的风险。回顾过去，Bretton Woods国际货币体系是一个开创性的倡议，为现代国际经济关系奠定了基础。它对合作与稳定的强调帮助重建了战后被毁的欧洲和日本经济，其机构至今仍在全球经济中发挥着重要作用。尽管最终崩溃，但Bretton Woods国际货币体系的遗产仍然具有影响力，因为政策制定者和经济学家继续努力应对互联世界中全球金融的复杂性。理解Bretton Woods国际货币体系背后的历史和原则对于理解当前经济动态及国际货币政策的持续辩论至关重要。