marginal utility; marginal effect

简明释义

边际效用

英英释义

例句

1.Consumers will continue to purchase a product until the marginal utility (边际效用) equals the price they pay.

消费者会继续购买产品，直到边际效用等于他们支付的价格。

2.In a regression analysis, the marginal effect (边际效应) indicates the change in the dependent variable for a one-unit change in an independent variable.

在回归分析中，边际效应表示自变量变化一个单位时因变量的变化。

3.The concept of marginal utility (边际效用) helps economists understand consumer choices.

边际效用的概念帮助经济学家理解消费者选择。

4.When analyzing the marginal effect (边际效应) of price changes, we can predict how demand will shift.

在分析价格变化的边际效应时，我们可以预测需求如何变化。

5.Increasing the quantity of a good often leads to diminishing marginal utility (边际效用递减).

增加商品数量通常会导致边际效用递减。

作文

In economics, the concepts of marginal utility (边际效用) and marginal effect (边际效应) play a crucial role in understanding consumer behavior and decision-making. To grasp these ideas, one must first recognize that they relate to the incremental changes in satisfaction or outcomes resulting from consuming additional units of a good or service.The term marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction or pleasure that a consumer derives from consuming one more unit of a good or service. For example, imagine you are eating slices of pizza. The first slice may provide a high level of satisfaction because you are hungry, but as you continue to eat, each subsequent slice may provide less satisfaction than the previous one. This decrease in satisfaction is known as diminishing marginal utility. Understanding marginal utility helps businesses determine pricing strategies, as they can assess how much consumers are willing to pay for additional units based on the utility derived from them.On the other hand, the concept of marginal effect often applies in the context of statistical analysis and economics, particularly when examining the impact of a change in one variable on another. For instance, when analyzing how an increase in advertising expenditure affects sales, the marginal effect would measure the change in sales that results from spending one additional dollar on advertising. This idea is essential for companies to understand the effectiveness of their marketing strategies and to allocate resources efficiently.Both marginal utility and marginal effect emphasize the importance of incremental changes in economic decision-making. They highlight that consumers do not make choices based solely on total utility or overall outcomes; instead, they consider the additional benefits or effects of each choice they make. This insight is vital for businesses and policymakers alike, as it influences pricing, production, and resource allocation decisions.Furthermore, these concepts can be applied to various fields beyond traditional economics. For example, in environmental economics, understanding the marginal utility of natural resources can help in making decisions about conservation and sustainable use. Similarly, in healthcare, the marginal effect of a new treatment on patient outcomes can guide medical professionals in choosing the best course of action for their patients.In conclusion, the concepts of marginal utility and marginal effect are fundamental to understanding economic behavior and decision-making processes. By analyzing how additional units of consumption or changes in variables affect satisfaction and outcomes, individuals and businesses can make more informed choices. As we navigate a world filled with choices, recognizing the significance of these marginal changes will ultimately lead to better economic outcomes and improved efficiency in resource allocation.

在经济学中，边际效用 和 边际效应 的概念在理解消费者行为和决策过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。要掌握这些思想，首先必须认识到它们与消费额外单位的商品或服务所带来的满意度或结果的增量变化有关。边际效用 指的是消费者从消费一单位商品或服务中获得的额外满意度或快乐。例如，想象一下你正在吃披萨。第一片可能会提供很高的满足感，因为你很饿，但随着你继续吃，每一片后续的披萨可能会比前一片提供更少的满足感。这种满足感的下降被称为递减的边际效用。理解边际效用有助于企业确定定价策略，因为他们可以评估消费者愿意为额外单位支付多少价格，基于他们从中获得的效用。另一方面，边际效应的概念通常适用于统计分析和经济学的背景，特别是在研究一个变量变化对另一个变量的影响时。例如，在分析增加广告支出如何影响销售时，边际效应将衡量因额外花费一美元广告而导致的销售变化。这个理念对于公司理解其营销策略的有效性并有效分配资源至关重要。边际效用和边际效应都强调了经济决策中增量变化的重要性。它们突显了消费者并不是仅仅根据总效用或整体结果做出选择；相反，他们考虑的是每个选择所带来的额外利益或效果。这一洞察对企业和政策制定者来说都是至关重要的，因为它影响着定价、生产和资源分配的决策。此外，这些概念可以应用于超越传统经济学的各个领域。例如，在环境经济学中，理解自然资源的边际效用可以帮助做出关于保护和可持续使用的决策。同样，在医疗保健中，新治疗对患者结果的边际效应可以指导医疗专业人员选择最佳的治疗方案。总之，边际效用 和 边际效应 的概念是理解经济行为和决策过程的基础。通过分析消费的额外单位或变量变化如何影响满意度和结果，个人和企业能够做出更明智的选择。当我们在充满选择的世界中航行时，认识到这些边际变化的重要性最终将导致更好的经济结果和资源分配的效率提高。