discounted benefit-cost ratio

简明释义

按现值法计算的收益成本率

英英释义

例句

1.The project was approved because its discounted benefit-cost ratio 折现收益成本比 was greater than one.

该项目获得批准，因为其折现收益成本比大于1。

2.The government uses the discounted benefit-cost ratio 折现收益成本比 to evaluate public projects.

政府使用折现收益成本比来评估公共项目。

3.A discounted benefit-cost ratio 折现收益成本比 below 0.5 suggests that the costs outweigh the benefits.

低于0.5的折现收益成本比表明成本超过了收益。

4.To justify the funding, the team presented a discounted benefit-cost ratio 折现收益成本比 of 2.5.

为了证明资金的合理性，团队提供了一个2.5的折现收益成本比。

5.In our analysis, we found that the discounted benefit-cost ratio 折现收益成本比 indicated a favorable return on investment.

在我们的分析中，我们发现折现收益成本比显示出有利的投资回报。

作文

In today's world, where resources are limited and the need for sustainable development is paramount, the concept of the discounted benefit-cost ratio becomes increasingly important. This financial metric helps decision-makers evaluate the economic viability of projects by comparing the present value of benefits to the present value of costs. Understanding this ratio can significantly influence investment decisions in various sectors, including infrastructure, healthcare, and environmental conservation.To comprehend the discounted benefit-cost ratio effectively, we must first break down its components. The 'benefit' refers to the positive outcomes derived from a project, such as increased revenue, improved public health, or enhanced environmental quality. On the other hand, 'cost' encompasses all expenses associated with the project, including initial investments, operational costs, and any potential negative impacts.The term 'discounted' indicates that future benefits and costs are adjusted to account for their present value. This adjustment is crucial because money has a time value; a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future due to inflation and the opportunity cost of capital. By applying a discount rate, we can convert future cash flows into their present value, allowing for a more accurate comparison between costs and benefits.When calculating the discounted benefit-cost ratio, the formula is relatively straightforward: it is the sum of the present values of benefits divided by the sum of the present values of costs. A ratio greater than one indicates that the benefits outweigh the costs, suggesting that the project is economically viable. Conversely, a ratio less than one signals that the costs surpass the benefits, which may lead to reconsideration or abandonment of the project.For instance, consider a government initiative aimed at improving public transportation. The projected benefits might include reduced traffic congestion, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced accessibility for citizens. The costs would involve construction expenses, maintenance, and potential disruptions during the project’s implementation. By applying the discounted benefit-cost ratio, policymakers can determine whether the long-term benefits justify the initial outlay of funds.Moreover, the discounted benefit-cost ratio is not only applicable to public projects but also to private investments. Businesses often use this metric when launching new products or entering new markets. By evaluating the expected benefits against the costs involved, companies can make informed decisions that align with their strategic goals.However, it is essential to recognize that the discounted benefit-cost ratio has its limitations. It relies heavily on accurate estimations of future benefits and costs, which can be challenging to predict. Additionally, the choice of discount rate can significantly affect the outcome; a higher rate may undervalue future benefits, while a lower rate could overestimate them. Therefore, sensitivity analysis is often performed to assess how changes in assumptions impact the ratio.In conclusion, the discounted benefit-cost ratio serves as a vital tool in the evaluation of projects, guiding stakeholders to make sound economic decisions. By understanding its components and implications, individuals and organizations can better allocate resources and prioritize initiatives that yield the greatest societal benefits. As we continue to face complex challenges in resource management and sustainability, mastering the use of this financial metric will be crucial for fostering a more economically efficient and environmentally responsible future.

在当今世界，资源有限，可持续发展的需求至关重要，因此“折现收益成本比”这一概念变得愈发重要。这个财务指标帮助决策者通过比较项目的收益现值与成本现值来评估项目的经济可行性。理解这个比率可以显著影响各个领域的投资决策，包括基础设施、医疗保健和环境保护。要有效理解折现收益成本比，我们必须首先分解其组成部分。“收益”指的是从项目中获得的积极成果，例如增加的收入、改善的公共健康或提升的环境质量。而“成本”则包括与项目相关的所有费用，包括初始投资、运营成本以及任何潜在的负面影响。“折现”一词表明未来的收益和成本经过调整，以考虑其现值。这种调整至关重要，因为货币具有时间价值；今天的一美元比未来的一美元更有价值，这要归因于通货膨胀和资本的机会成本。通过应用折现率，我们可以将未来的现金流转换为其现值，从而更准确地比较成本和收益。在计算折现收益成本比时，公式相对简单：它是收益现值的总和除以成本现值的总和。大于1的比率表明收益超过成本，暗示该项目在经济上是可行的。相反，小于1的比率则表示成本超过收益，这可能导致重新考虑或放弃该项目。例如，考虑一个旨在改善公共交通的政府倡议。预计的收益可能包括减少交通拥堵、降低温室气体排放以及提高公民的可达性。成本则涉及建设费用、维护费用以及项目实施期间可能出现的干扰。通过应用折现收益成本比，政策制定者可以确定长期收益是否值得初期资金的投入。此外，折现收益成本比不仅适用于公共项目，还适用于私人投资。企业在推出新产品或进入新市场时，通常会使用这一指标。通过评估预期收益与相关成本，企业能够做出符合其战略目标的明智决策。然而，必须认识到折现收益成本比也存在局限性。它在很大程度上依赖于对未来收益和成本的准确估计，而这可能难以预测。此外，折现率的选择可能会显著影响结果；较高的利率可能会低估未来收益，而较低的利率可能会高估它们。因此，通常会进行敏感性分析，以评估假设变化对比率的影响。总之，折现收益成本比作为评估项目的重要工具，指导利益相关者做出合理的经济决策。通过理解其组成部分及其含义，个人和组织可以更好地分配资源，并优先考虑带来最大社会效益的举措。随着我们继续面临资源管理和可持续发展中的复杂挑战，掌握这一财务指标的使用对于促进更经济高效和环境负责的未来至关重要。