monetarists

简明释义

英[ˈmʌnɪtərɪsts]美[ˈmʌnɪˌtɛrɪsts]

n. 货币主义者；主货币学派（monetarist 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Monetarists should be quite relaxed about the risks of inflation.

货币主义者应该对通胀风险相当放心。

2.Such a policy, monetarists claim, encourages steady growth and price stability.

主张实施货币控制政策的人士宣称，这样一个政策会鼓励稳步增长和价格稳定。

3.This may be because economists divided into Keynesians and monetarists in the 1970s.

这可能是因为经济学家在1970年代时便已划分为凯恩斯主义者以及货币主义者。

4.At least the monetarists propose cutting rates and expanding the money supply and the Keynesians promote deficit spending.

至少，货币主义者还建议削减利率及提高货币供给而凯恩斯主义者支持扩大赤字。

5.At least the monetarists propose cutting rates and expanding the money supply and the Keynesians promote deficit spending.

至少，货币主义者还建议削减利率及提高货币供给而凯恩斯主义者支持扩大赤字。

6.Monetarists hold that correction of inflation will lead to growth, structuralists hold that growth will cure inflation.

货币主义者认为，制止通货膨胀将导致增长，结构主义认为增长将消除通货膨胀。

7.The theories of monetarists gained popularity during the 1970s economic crisis.

货币主义者的理论在1970年代经济危机期间获得了广泛关注。

8.Many monetarists argue that fiscal policy is less effective than monetary policy.

许多货币主义者认为财政政策不如货币政策有效。

9.Critics of monetarists claim that their focus on money supply overlooks other important factors.

对货币主义者的批评者声称，他们对货币供应的关注忽视了其他重要因素。

10.According to monetarists, controlling the money supply is crucial for managing inflation.

根据货币主义者的观点，控制货币供应对管理通货膨胀至关重要。

11.Central banks often consult with monetarists when setting interest rates.

中央银行在设定利率时常常会咨询货币主义者。

作文

Monetarists, or 货币主义者, are economists who believe that the control of the money supply is the primary means of regulating economic activity and maintaining price stability. Their theories emerged in the mid-20th century, primarily through the work of economist Milton Friedman, who argued that variations in the money supply have major influences on national output in the short run and the price level over longer periods. According to 货币主义者, inflation is always a monetary phenomenon, meaning that it is caused by an increase in the money supply rather than by changes in demand or supply for goods and services. This theory contrasts with Keynesian economics, which emphasizes the role of government spending and fiscal policy in managing economic cycles.The fundamental idea behind 货币主义者 is the Quantity Theory of Money, which can be summarized by the equation MV = PT, where M represents the money supply, V is the velocity of money (the rate at which money circulates), P is the price level, and T is the volume of transactions in the economy. This equation suggests that if the money supply increases faster than the economy's capacity to produce goods and services, inflation will occur. Therefore, 货币主义者 advocate for a controlled growth of the money supply that corresponds with the growth of the economy, which can help to avoid both inflation and deflation.In practice, the policies advocated by 货币主义者 often lead to a focus on central bank actions, particularly regarding interest rates and reserve requirements for banks. By controlling the money supply, central banks can influence interest rates, which in turn affect investment and consumption decisions in the economy. For instance, if a central bank wishes to combat inflation, it might raise interest rates to reduce the money supply, making borrowing more expensive and slowing down economic activity. Conversely, in times of recession, a central bank may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and investment, thereby stimulating economic growth.Critics of 货币主义者 argue that their reliance on the money supply as the main tool for economic regulation overlooks other important factors, such as consumer confidence, fiscal policy, and global economic conditions. They contend that the economy is too complex to be managed solely through monetary policy and that neglecting fiscal measures can lead to imbalances and crises.Despite these criticisms, the ideas of 货币主义者 have significantly influenced economic policy around the world, especially during the late 20th century when many countries adopted monetarist principles to combat hyperinflation. The success of these policies in stabilizing economies has contributed to the lasting impact of 货币主义者 on modern economic thought.In conclusion, understanding the role of 货币主义者 in economic theory provides valuable insights into how monetary policy can shape economic outcomes. Their emphasis on the money supply as a critical factor in determining inflation and economic growth continues to inform debates among policymakers and economists today. As we navigate the complexities of the modern economy, the principles laid out by 货币主义者 remain relevant, reminding us of the delicate balance required to maintain economic stability and growth.

货币主义者是指那些认为控制货币供应是调节经济活动和维持价格稳定的主要手段的经济学家。他们的理论在20世纪中期兴起，主要通过经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼的研究而发展。弗里德曼认为，货币供应的变化在短期内对国家产出有重大影响，而在长期内则对价格水平产生影响。根据货币主义者的观点，通货膨胀始终是一种货币现象，意味着它是由货币供应的增加引起的，而不是由商品和服务的需求或供应变化引起的。这一理论与凯恩斯主义经济学形成对比，后者强调政府支出和财政政策在管理经济周期中的作用。货币主义者的基本思想是货币数量理论，可以用方程MV = PT来总结，其中M代表货币供应，V是货币流通速度（即货币循环的速率），P是价格水平，T是经济中的交易量。这个方程表明，如果货币供应增长的速度超过了经济生产商品和服务的能力，就会出现通货膨胀。因此，货币主义者主张控制货币供应的增长，使其与经济的增长相对应，这可以帮助避免通货膨胀和通货紧缩。在实践中，货币主义者倡导的政策通常导致对中央银行行动的关注，特别是在利率和银行准备金要求方面。通过控制货币供应，中央银行可以影响利率，而这又会影响经济中的投资和消费决策。例如，如果中央银行希望遏制通货膨胀，它可能会提高利率以减少货币供应，使借贷成本上升，从而减缓经济活动。相反，在衰退时期，中央银行可能会降低利率，以鼓励借贷和投资，从而刺激经济增长。对货币主义者的批评者认为，他们过于依赖货币供应作为经济调节的主要工具，忽视了其他重要因素，如消费者信心、财政政策和全球经济条件。他们认为，经济过于复杂，不能单靠货币政策进行管理，忽视财政措施可能导致失衡和危机。尽管存在这些批评，货币主义者的思想在全球经济政策中产生了重大影响，尤其是在20世纪晚期，许多国家采用货币主义原则来应对恶性通货膨胀。这些政策在稳定经济方面的成功促进了货币主义者对现代经济思想的持久影响。总之，理解货币主义者在经济理论中的作用为我们提供了有关货币政策如何塑造经济结果的宝贵见解。他们强调货币供应作为决定通货膨胀和经济增长的关键因素，继续影响着今天政策制定者和经济学家之间的辩论。在我们应对现代经济的复杂性时，货币主义者所提出的原则仍然具有相关性，提醒我们保持经济稳定和增长所需的微妙平衡。