physostigmine

简明释义

英[ˌfaɪsəʊˈstɪɡmiːn]美[ˌfaɪsoˈstɪɡmɪn]

n. [有化] 毒扁豆碱（一种眼科缩瞳药）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Conclusion Physostigmine, neostigmine and pilocarpine, when applied locally to the eye in rabbits, could cause myosis and their time-effect relationships were comparable.

论新斯的明、毒扁豆碱和毛果芸香碱滴眼给药，均能缩小兔眼瞳孔，其时效关系相似。

2.Objective To compare the myotic effects of physostigmine, pilocarpine and neostigmine in rabbits.

目的比较新斯的明、毒扁豆碱和毛果芸香碱对兔眼的缩瞳作用。

3.Conclusion Physostigmine, neostigmine and pilocarpine, when applied locally to the eye in rabbits, could cause myosis and their time-effect relationships were comparable.

论新斯的明、毒扁豆碱和毛果芸香碱滴眼给药，均能缩小兔眼瞳孔，其时效关系相似。

4.These results suggested that the central depressant effect of anisodine can be antagonized by physostigmine and adrenomimetics, while regitine is synergistic.

结果提示樟柳碱的中枢抑制作用，不仅与其抗胆碱作用有关，还可能与其抗肾上腺素能作用有一定关系。

5.The doctor prescribed physostigmine to treat the patient's myasthenia gravis.

医生开了物理斯的明来治疗病人的重症肌无力。

6.The pharmacologist explained how physostigmine works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

药理学家解释了物理斯的明通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用原理。

7.In cases of anticholinergic toxicity, physostigmine can be an effective antidote.

在抗胆碱毒性病例中，物理斯的明可以是有效的解毒剂。

8.Research shows that physostigmine enhances cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.

研究表明，物理斯的明能增强阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能。

9.During the emergency, physostigmine was administered to reverse the effects of atropine.

在紧急情况下，给病人注射了物理斯的明以逆转阿托品的效果。

作文

In the realm of pharmacology, various compounds play crucial roles in treating a wide range of medical conditions. One such compound is physostigmine, a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This unique property allows physostigmine to increase the levels of acetylcholine in the body, which can be particularly beneficial in certain clinical scenarios. Understanding the mechanisms and applications of physostigmine can shed light on its importance in medicine.Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is essential for communication between nerve cells and muscle cells. It plays a vital role in muscle contraction, memory, and learning. However, the action of acetylcholine must be tightly regulated; otherwise, it can lead to unwanted effects. This is where the enzyme acetylcholinesterase comes into play. It breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, ensuring that its action is brief and controlled. By inhibiting this enzyme, physostigmine effectively prolongs the action of acetylcholine, leading to enhanced cholinergic transmission.One of the most well-known uses of physostigmine is in the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to vision loss. Physostigmine works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby reducing pressure. This therapeutic effect illustrates how physostigmine can be harnessed to address specific health issues through its pharmacological properties.Additionally, physostigmine has been used in cases of anticholinergic toxicity, which can occur from the ingestion of certain medications or plants that block the action of acetylcholine. Symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity include confusion, hallucinations, and severe respiratory distress. By administering physostigmine, clinicians can counteract these effects by restoring the balance of acetylcholine in the nervous system, showcasing its life-saving potential in emergency situations.Despite its benefits, the use of physostigmine is not without risks. Potential side effects can include excessive salivation, muscle twitching, and bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate. Therefore, careful monitoring is necessary when using this medication. It is essential for healthcare professionals to weigh the risks and benefits before prescribing physostigmine, ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate care.In conclusion, physostigmine serves as a powerful tool in the field of medicine, particularly in the management of conditions such as glaucoma and anticholinergic toxicity. Its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and enhance cholinergic activity underscores its significance in pharmacotherapy. As research continues to evolve, the understanding of physostigmine and its applications will undoubtedly expand, leading to improved treatment options for patients worldwide. The ongoing exploration of such compounds emphasizes the importance of pharmacology in enhancing human health and well-being.

physostigmine 是一种可逆性抑制酶乙酰胆碱酯酶的化合物，在药理学领域发挥着重要作用。由于其独特的特性，physostigmine 能够提高体内乙酰胆碱的水平，这在某些临床场景中尤其有益。理解physostigmine 的机制和应用可以揭示其在医学中的重要性。乙酰胆碱是一种神经递质，对于神经细胞与肌肉细胞之间的沟通至关重要。它在肌肉收缩、记忆和学习中扮演着重要角色。然而，乙酰胆碱的作用必须得到严格调节；否则，可能会导致不必要的效果。这就是乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用所在。它在突触间隙中分解乙酰胆碱，确保其作用短暂且受控。通过抑制该酶，physostigmine 有效地延长了乙酰胆碱的作用，从而增强了胆碱能传递。physostigmine 最著名的用途之一是治疗青光眼。青光眼是一种以眼内压升高为特征的疾病，可能导致视力丧失。physostigmine 通过增加房水的排出，从而降低眼压。这种治疗效果展示了如何利用physostigmine 的药理特性来解决特定的健康问题。此外，physostigmine 还用于抗胆碱药物毒性的情况下，这种情况可能发生在摄入某些阻断乙酰胆碱作用的药物或植物后。抗胆碱药物毒性的症状包括混乱、幻觉和严重的呼吸窘迫。通过使用physostigmine，临床医生可以恢复神经系统中乙酰胆碱的平衡，从而抵消这些影响，展示了其在紧急情况下的拯救生命潜力。尽管有其益处，使用physostigmine 也并非没有风险。潜在的副作用可能包括过度流涎、肌肉抽搐和心动过缓（心率低于正常）。因此，在使用这种药物时需要仔细监测。医疗专业人员在开处方physostigmine 时必须权衡风险和收益，以确保患者接受最合适的治疗。总之，physostigmine 在医学领域中作为一种强大的工具，特别是在青光眼和抗胆碱药物毒性管理中。其抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和增强胆碱能活性的能力突显了其在药物治疗中的重要性。随着研究的不断发展，对physostigmine及其应用的理解无疑将扩展，从而为全球患者提供改善的治疗选择。对这些化合物的持续探索强调了药理学在提升人类健康和福祉中的重要性。