brittle fracture

简明释义

脆性断裂

英英释义

例句

1.During the testing, the material showed signs of brittle fracture 脆性断裂 when subjected to high stress.

在测试中，该材料在承受高应力时显示出brittle fracture 脆性断裂的迹象。

2.The research focused on preventing brittle fracture 脆性断裂 in polymers used in construction.

该研究集中于防止建筑中使用的聚合物发生brittle fracture 脆性断裂。

3.The engineer explained that the steel beam experienced a brittle fracture 脆性断裂 due to rapid cooling.

工程师解释说，由于快速冷却，钢梁经历了brittle fracture 脆性断裂。

4.A brittle fracture 脆性断裂 can occur at low temperatures, making certain materials unsuitable for winter applications.

在低温下可能发生brittle fracture 脆性断裂，使某些材料不适合冬季应用。

5.The failure analysis revealed that the component failed due to brittle fracture 脆性断裂 caused by fatigue.

故障分析显示，该部件因疲劳导致brittle fracture 脆性断裂而失效。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the mechanisms of failure is crucial for designing safer and more reliable structures. One significant type of failure that engineers must consider is brittle fracture, which refers to the sudden and catastrophic breaking of a material without significant plastic deformation. This phenomenon can occur in various materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, and is often influenced by factors such as temperature, loading conditions, and the presence of flaws. Brittle fracture typically occurs when a material is subjected to stress beyond its elastic limit, leading to a rapid propagation of cracks. Unlike ductile materials that undergo noticeable deformation before failing, materials that experience brittle fracture break with little warning, making it particularly dangerous in structural applications. For instance, if a steel beam in a building were to undergo brittle fracture, it could lead to a sudden collapse, posing severe risks to safety.One of the most infamous examples of brittle fracture occurred during the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster in 1986. Engineers had warned that the O-rings used in the shuttle's solid rocket boosters could fail at low temperatures, leading to a brittle fracture. Unfortunately, their concerns were overlooked, resulting in a tragic loss of lives and the destruction of the shuttle. This incident highlights the importance of understanding brittle fracture and its implications in engineering design.To mitigate the risks associated with brittle fracture, engineers employ various strategies. One approach is to select materials that exhibit better toughness, meaning they can absorb more energy before fracturing. Additionally, controlling the manufacturing processes to eliminate defects, such as voids or inclusions, can significantly reduce the likelihood of brittle fracture. Furthermore, regular inspections and maintenance of structures can help identify potential weaknesses before they lead to failure.In conclusion, brittle fracture is a critical concept in materials science that engineers must understand to prevent catastrophic failures. By recognizing the conditions that lead to this type of fracture and implementing effective design strategies, we can create safer and more resilient structures. The lessons learned from past failures serve as a reminder of the importance of rigorously testing materials and considering all possible failure modes in engineering applications. As technology continues to advance, the knowledge of brittle fracture will remain vital in ensuring the integrity and safety of our built environment.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解失效机制对于设计更安全、更可靠的结构至关重要。工程师必须考虑的一种重要失效类型是brittle fracture，即材料在没有显著塑性变形的情况下突然和灾难性地断裂。这种现象可以发生在各种材料中，包括金属、陶瓷和聚合物，并且通常受到温度、加载条件和缺陷存在等因素的影响。

脆性断裂通常发生在材料承受超过其弹性极限的应力时，导致裂纹的快速扩展。与在断裂前经历明显变形的韧性材料不同，经历brittle fracture的材料几乎没有警告地断裂，这在结构应用中尤其危险。例如，如果建筑中的一根钢梁发生brittle fracture，可能会导致突然倒塌，给安全带来严重风险。

脆性断裂的一个最臭名昭著的例子发生在1986年的挑战者航天飞机灾难中。工程师曾警告说，航天飞机固体火箭助推器中使用的O型环在低温下可能会失效，导致brittle fracture。不幸的是，他们的担忧被忽视，导致了悲惨的生命损失和航天飞机的毁灭。这一事件突显了理解brittle fracture及其在工程设计中影响的重要性。

为了减轻与brittle fracture相关的风险，工程师采用各种策略。一种方法是选择表现出更好韧性的材料，这意味着它们在断裂前可以吸收更多能量。此外，控制制造过程以消除缺陷（如空洞或夹杂物）可以显著降低发生brittle fracture的可能性。此外，定期检查和维护结构可以帮助在故障发生之前识别潜在的弱点。

总之，brittle fracture是材料科学中的一个关键概念，工程师必须理解以防止灾难性故障。通过认识导致这种类型断裂的条件并实施有效的设计策略，我们可以创造更安全、更具韧性的结构。从过去故障中吸取的教训提醒我们，在工程应用中严格测试材料和考虑所有可能的失效模式的重要性。随着技术的不断进步，对brittle fracture的知识在确保我们建成环境的完整性和安全性方面将始终至关重要。