nucleophilic

简明释义

英[ˌnjuːklɪəʊˈfɪlɪk]美[njuklɪoʊˈfɪlɪk]

adj. 亲核的；亲质子的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The mechanism of Hofmann rearrangement reaction and the effects of alkyl structure and nucleophilic reagent in medium on the reaction are discussed.

讨论了Hofmann重排反应的机理以及烃基的结构、介质中的亲核试剂对反应的影响，并介绍了此重排在有机合成中的应用。

2.The first is extremely resistant to nucleophilic reagents.

前者极端地阻抗亲核试剂。

3.The effect of process conditions, such as microwave, reactant ratio, catalyst and solvent etc, on the nucleophilic substitution and yield of product were investigated.

考察了微波技术、反应物料比、催化剂以及溶剂等主要条件对亲核取代反应和产物收率的影响。

4.Abstract : this article reviews recent progress in nucleophilic reactions of the - carbon in vinylidene ruthenium complexes. the nucleophiles include alkene, alkyne, alcohol, acid, amine, water, etc.

文摘：综述了近几年钌亚乙烯基络合物中间体-碳的亲核反应。亲核试剂包括烯烃、炔烃、醇、酸、胺、水等。

5.METHODS: Electrophilic substitution, reduction, oxidation and nucleophilic addition reaction were used in the synthesis of title compounds.

方法：通过亲核取代、还原、氧化、亲核加成等反应得到目的化合物。

6.Moclobelide was synthesized from ethanolamine by nucleophilic substitution and Schotten-Baumann reaction, followed by condensation with an overall yield of 71.2%.

以乙醇胺为起始原料，经亲核取代、肖特一鲍曼反应和缩合反应制得吗氯贝胺，总收率可达71.2%。

7.After it was mixed with epoxy resin, transition state was formed first. Then they got on with opening ring reactions according to bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism (SN2).

它与环氧树脂混合后首先形成过渡状态，然后按双分子亲核取代(SN2)机理进行开环反应。

8.Vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen is a new type of reaction which is different from the usual electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of the nitro arenes.

氢的替代亲核取代反应(VNS)是与硝基芳环的亲电反应、亲核反应不同的一种新反应。

9.Understanding the strength of nucleophilic 亲核的 agents helps predict reaction outcomes.

理解亲核的试剂的强度有助于预测反应结果。

10.In this experiment, we will observe how a nucleophilic 亲核的 reagent can displace a leaving group.

在这个实验中，我们将观察一个亲核的试剂如何取代一个离去基团。

11.A common example of a nucleophilic 亲核的 attack is the reaction of hydroxide ion with alkyl halides.

一个常见的亲核的攻击示例是氢氧根离子与卤代烷的反应。

12.The nucleophilic 亲核的 substitution reaction is a key mechanism in many organic reactions.

亲核取代反应是许多有机反应中的一个关键机制。

13.In organic chemistry, a reaction occurs when a strong nucleophilic 亲核的 agent attacks an electrophile.

在有机化学中，当一个强的亲核的试剂攻击一个电亲体时，会发生反应。

作文

In the realm of organic chemistry, understanding the concept of nucleophilic (亲核的) reactions is essential for grasping how molecules interact and transform. A nucleophilic attack occurs when a nucleophile, which is a species that donates an electron pair, approaches an electrophile, a species that accepts an electron pair. This fundamental interaction is crucial in many chemical processes, including synthesis and catalysis.To illustrate the significance of nucleophilic reactions, let us consider the classic example of the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and an alkyl halide. In this scenario, the hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a strong nucleophilic agent. The lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom allow it to attack the carbon atom bonded to the halogen. This reaction results in the formation of an alcohol and the release of the halide ion. Such transformations are not only foundational in organic synthesis but also highlight the importance of nucleophilic behavior in various biochemical pathways.Moreover, the strength and reactivity of nucleophilic species can vary significantly. Factors such as charge, electronegativity, and solvent effects play a critical role in determining a nucleophile's ability to engage in a reaction. For instance, negatively charged species like hydroxide or alkoxide ions are typically more nucleophilic than their neutral counterparts. Understanding these nuances allows chemists to predict reaction outcomes and design more efficient synthetic routes.Another important aspect of nucleophilic chemistry is its application in the development of pharmaceuticals. Many drug molecules are designed to interact with biological targets through nucleophilic mechanisms. For example, enzymes often utilize nucleophilic attacks to facilitate biochemical reactions, making them vital in metabolic pathways. By studying nucleophilic reactions, researchers can uncover new therapeutic strategies and improve drug efficacy.In addition to its applications in synthesis and pharmacology, nucleophilic chemistry also has implications in materials science. The development of polymers often involves nucleophilic reactions, where nucleophiles react with electrophilic monomers to form long-chain molecules. This process is essential for creating materials with specific properties, such as elasticity or thermal stability. Understanding the nucleophilic nature of these reactions enables scientists to engineer materials tailored for particular applications.In conclusion, the concept of nucleophilic (亲核的) reactions is a cornerstone of organic chemistry, influencing a wide range of scientific disciplines. From drug development to materials science, nucleophilic interactions play a pivotal role in shaping our understanding of chemical processes. By delving deeper into the mechanisms and factors that govern nucleophilic behavior, chemists can unlock new possibilities for innovation and discovery in both research and industry.

在有机化学领域，理解nucleophilic（亲核的）反应的概念对于掌握分子如何相互作用和转化至关重要。nucleophilic攻击发生在一个亲核试剂，即一个捐赠电子对的物质，接近一个电亲核体，即一个接受电子对的物质。这种基本的相互作用在许多化学过程中都是至关重要的，包括合成和催化。为了说明nucleophilic反应的重要性，让我们考虑氢氧化钠（NaOH）与烷基卤化物反应的经典例子。在这种情况下，氢氧根离子（OH-）作为一种强nucleophilic试剂。氧原子上的孤对电子使其能够攻击与卤素相连的碳原子。这一反应导致醇的形成和卤离子的释放。这种转化不仅是有机合成中的基础，而且突显了nucleophilic行为在各种生化途径中的重要性。此外，nucleophilic物质的强度和反应性可能会有显著差异。电荷、电子负性和溶剂效应等因素在决定亲核试剂参与反应的能力方面发挥着关键作用。例如，像氢氧根或烷氧基离子这样的带负电荷物质通常比其中性同类物质更具nucleophilic性。理解这些细微差别使化学家能够预测反应结果并设计更高效的合成路线。nucleophilic化学的另一个重要方面是其在药物开发中的应用。许多药物分子被设计为通过nucleophilic机制与生物靶点相互作用。例如，酶通常利用nucleophilic攻击来促进生化反应，使其在代谢途径中至关重要。通过研究nucleophilic反应，研究人员可以发现新的治疗策略并提高药物的有效性。除了在合成和药理学中的应用外，nucleophilic化学在材料科学中也具有影响。聚合物的开发通常涉及nucleophilic反应，其中亲核试剂与电亲核单体反应形成长链分子。这个过程对于创造具有特定属性的材料至关重要，例如弹性或热稳定性。理解这些反应的nucleophilic特性使科学家能够工程化特定应用的材料。总之，nucleophilic（亲核的）反应的概念是有机化学的基石，影响着广泛的科学学科。从药物开发到材料科学，nucleophilic相互作用在塑造我们对化学过程的理解中发挥着关键作用。通过深入探讨支配nucleophilic行为的机制和因素，化学家可以为研究和工业中的创新和发现开辟新的可能性。