rotational isomerism

简明释义

旋光异构

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of rotational isomerism 旋转异构现象 is often illustrated using simple alkenes.

用简单的烯烃通常来说明旋转异构现象的概念。

2.Chemists often explore rotational isomerism 旋转异构现象 when designing new pharmaceuticals.

化学家在设计新药物时经常探讨旋转异构现象。

3.In polymers, rotational isomerism 旋转异构现象 can affect the material's properties significantly.

在聚合物中，旋转异构现象可能会显著影响材料的性质。

4.Understanding rotational isomerism 旋转异构现象 helps in predicting the stability of molecular conformations.

理解旋转异构现象有助于预测分子构象的稳定性。

5.The study of rotational isomerism 旋转异构现象 is crucial in understanding the behavior of certain organic compounds.

对旋转异构现象的研究对理解某些有机化合物的行为至关重要。

作文

In the fascinating world of chemistry, one of the intriguing concepts is rotational isomerism, which refers to the phenomenon where molecules can exist in different forms due to the rotation around a single bond. This type of isomerism is particularly significant in organic compounds, where the spatial arrangement of atoms can lead to variations in chemical properties and reactivity. Understanding rotational isomerism is essential for chemists, as it plays a crucial role in determining the behavior of molecules in various environments.To illustrate this concept, consider the case of butane, a simple alkane with four carbon atoms. Butane has two primary conformations: the 'staggered' and 'eclipsed' forms. In the staggered conformation, the hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are positioned as far apart as possible, minimizing repulsion and resulting in a more stable structure. In contrast, the eclipsed conformation places hydrogen atoms directly in line with each other, leading to increased steric hindrance and strain. This difference in energy levels between the two forms exemplifies rotational isomerism, as the molecule can freely rotate around the carbon-carbon bond to interconvert between these two states.The implications of rotational isomerism extend beyond simple structural variations; they can significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of substances. For instance, the boiling point and melting point of compounds can differ depending on their conformational states. Staggered conformations tend to be lower in energy and thus have higher boiling points compared to their eclipsed counterparts. This is critical in fields such as pharmaceuticals, where the efficacy of a drug can depend on its specific conformational state.Moreover, rotational isomerism is not limited to alkanes. It is also prevalent in larger organic molecules, including those with functional groups like alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids. The presence of double bonds or rings can further complicate the situation, as these structures can restrict rotation and lead to more complex isomeric forms, known as geometric isomers. For example, in cis-trans isomerism, the orientation of substituents around a double bond can create distinct isomers with varying properties.The study of rotational isomerism is not only an academic exercise but also has practical applications in material science and biochemistry. For example, the flexibility of polymers can be influenced by the rotational isomerism of their constituent monomers, affecting the material's strength and elasticity. In biochemistry, the conformation of biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids is critical for their function, and even small changes in rotational isomerism can lead to significant biological consequences.In conclusion, rotational isomerism is a vital concept in chemistry that highlights the importance of molecular conformation in determining the properties and behaviors of substances. By understanding how molecules can exist in different rotational states, chemists can better predict and manipulate chemical reactions and interactions. As research continues to advance, the implications of rotational isomerism will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in the development of new materials and drugs, showcasing the ever-evolving landscape of chemical science.

在化学的迷人世界中，一个引人入胜的概念是旋转异构现象，指的是由于单键周围的旋转而使分子可以以不同形式存在的现象。这种类型的异构现象在有机化合物中尤为重要，因为原子的空间排列可以导致化学性质和反应性的变化。理解旋转异构现象对化学家来说至关重要，因为它在确定分子在各种环境中的行为方面发挥着关键作用。为了说明这一概念，可以考虑丁烷的案例，丁烷是一种具有四个碳原子的简单烷烃。丁烷有两种主要构象：'交错'和'重叠'形式。在交错构象中，相邻碳原子上的氢原子尽可能远离彼此，从而最大限度地减少排斥力并形成更稳定的结构。相反，重叠构象则将氢原子直接对齐，这会导致增加的立体阻碍和应变。这两种形式之间能量水平的差异示范了旋转异构现象，因为分子可以自由地围绕碳-碳键旋转，以在这两种状态之间互相转化。旋转异构现象的影响不仅限于简单的结构变化；它们可以显著影响物质的物理和化学性质。例如，化合物的沸点和熔点可能会因其构象状态的不同而有所不同。交错构象的能量较低，因此与其重叠对应物相比，具有更高的沸点。这在制药等领域是至关重要的，因为药物的有效性可能取决于其特定的构象状态。此外，旋转异构现象不仅限于烷烃。在含有醇、胺和羧酸等官能团的较大有机分子中也很普遍。双键或环的存在可能进一步复杂化情况，因为这些结构可能限制旋转，并导致更复杂的异构形式，称为几何异构。例如，在顺反异构现象中，双键周围取代基的方向可以创建具有不同性质的独特异构体。对旋转异构现象的研究不仅仅是学术练习，它在材料科学和生物化学中也有实际应用。例如，聚合物的灵活性可能受到其组成单体的旋转异构现象的影响，从而影响材料的强度和弹性。在生物化学中，生物分子如蛋白质和核酸的构象对其功能至关重要，即使是旋转异构现象的小变化也可能导致显著的生物后果。总之，旋转异构现象是化学中一个重要的概念，突显了分子构象在决定物质性质和行为方面的重要性。通过理解分子如何以不同的旋转状态存在，化学家可以更好地预测和操控化学反应和相互作用。随着研究的不断推进，旋转异构现象的影响无疑将在新材料和药物的开发中发挥关键作用，展示出化学科学不断发展的前景。