radioactivation analysis

简明释义

放射化分析

英英释义

例句

1.The scientists used radioactivation analysis to determine the composition of the mineral samples.

科学家们使用放射性激活分析来确定矿物样本的成分。

2.In nuclear research, radioactivation analysis is essential for identifying isotopes.

在核研究中，放射性激活分析对于识别同位素至关重要。

3.The environmental agency employed radioactivation analysis to track radioactive contamination in water sources.

环保局采用放射性激活分析来追踪水源中的放射性污染。

4.The medical team applied radioactivation analysis to assess the effectiveness of a new cancer treatment.

医疗团队应用放射性激活分析来评估一种新癌症治疗的有效性。

5.Using radioactivation analysis, researchers were able to quantify trace elements in ancient artifacts.

研究人员通过使用放射性激活分析能够定量分析古代文物中的微量元素。

作文

In the field of analytical chemistry, various techniques are employed to understand the composition and properties of different materials. One such technique is radioactivation analysis, a powerful method that utilizes the principles of radioactivity to provide detailed information about the elements present in a sample. This technique involves irradiating a sample with neutrons or gamma rays, which causes certain isotopes within the sample to become activated. The activated isotopes then emit gamma radiation, which can be measured to determine the concentration of specific elements. The ability to detect trace amounts of elements makes radioactivation analysis particularly valuable in fields such as environmental monitoring, archaeology, and nuclear science.The process begins with the preparation of the sample, which may involve cutting, grinding, or other forms of physical manipulation to ensure uniformity. Once prepared, the sample is subjected to neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor or a particle accelerator. During this stage, some of the stable isotopes in the sample capture neutrons and transform into radioactive isotopes. After a predetermined period, the sample is removed from the irradiation source and allowed to decay for a specific time, during which the radioactivity stabilizes.Following the decay period, the sample is analyzed using gamma spectrometry. This technique allows for the identification and quantification of the gamma rays emitted by the activated isotopes. Each isotope emits gamma radiation at characteristic energy levels, which serves as a fingerprint for identification. By measuring the intensity of these emissions, analysts can determine the concentrations of various elements within the original sample. The sensitivity of radioactivation analysis enables the detection of elements at parts per billion levels, making it an indispensable tool in many scientific investigations.One of the significant advantages of radioactivation analysis is its non-destructive nature. Unlike other methods that may alter or consume the sample, this technique preserves the integrity of the material being studied. This feature is particularly important in fields such as archaeology, where artifacts must be preserved for future study. Moreover, radioactivation analysis can be applied to a wide range of materials, including solids, liquids, and gases, making it a versatile tool for researchers.However, there are challenges associated with radioactivation analysis. The requirement for specialized facilities for neutron irradiation limits its accessibility to many laboratories. Additionally, safety precautions must be strictly adhered to when working with radioactive materials, necessitating trained personnel and appropriate shielding to protect against radiation exposure. Despite these challenges, the benefits of radioactivation analysis far outweigh the drawbacks, especially considering its precision and reliability in elemental analysis.In conclusion, radioactivation analysis is a sophisticated technique that plays a crucial role in the analysis of materials across various scientific disciplines. Its ability to detect trace elements with high sensitivity and its non-destructive nature make it an invaluable method for researchers. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further developments in radioactivation analysis, enhancing its applications and expanding our understanding of the material world.

在分析化学领域，采用多种技术来理解不同材料的组成和性质。其中一种技术是放射激活分析，这是一种强大的方法，利用放射性原理提供关于样品中存在的元素的详细信息。该技术涉及用中子或伽马射线照射样品，这使得样品中的某些同位素被激活。激活的同位素随后发出伽马辐射，可以通过测量来确定特定元素的浓度。能够检测微量元素使得放射激活分析在环境监测、考古学和核科学等领域特别有价值。该过程始于样品的准备，这可能涉及切割、研磨或其他形式的物理操作，以确保均匀性。一旦准备好，样品就会在核反应堆或粒子加速器中进行中子照射。在这个阶段，样品中的一些稳定同位素捕获中子并转变为放射性同位素。在预定的时间段后，样品从照射源中取出，并允许其衰变一段特定的时间，在此期间，放射性会稳定。经过衰变期后，样品使用伽马光谱法进行分析。这种技术允许识别和量化激活同位素发出的伽马射线。每种同位素以特征能级发射伽马辐射，这作为识别的指纹。通过测量这些发射的强度，分析人员可以确定原始样品中各种元素的浓度。放射激活分析的灵敏度使其能够在十亿分之一的水平上检测元素，使其成为许多科学研究中不可或缺的工具。放射激活分析的一个显著优势是其非破坏性。与可能改变或消耗样品的其他方法不同，该技术保留了被研究材料的完整性。这一特性在考古学等领域尤为重要，因为文物必须为未来的研究而保存。此外，放射激活分析可以应用于广泛的材料，包括固体、液体和气体，使其成为研究人员的多功能工具。然而，放射激活分析也面临挑战。对中子照射的专门设施的要求限制了许多实验室的可及性。此外，在处理放射性材料时，必须严格遵守安全预防措施，要求受过培训的人员和适当的屏蔽以保护免受辐射暴露。尽管存在这些挑战，但放射激活分析的好处远远超过缺点，尤其是考虑到其在元素分析中的精确性和可靠性。总之，放射激活分析是一种复杂的技术，在各个科学学科的材料分析中发挥着关键作用。其以高灵敏度检测微量元素的能力以及其非破坏性使其成为研究人员的宝贵方法。随着技术的不断进步，我们可以期待放射激活分析的进一步发展，增强其应用并扩展我们对物质世界的理解。