prosthetic group

简明释义

辅基

英英释义

例句

1.The enzyme requires a prosthetic group to be active.

该酶需要一个辅基才能活跃。

2.In some cases, the prosthetic group is a metal ion.

在某些情况下，辅基是金属离子。

3.The presence of a prosthetic group can enhance enzyme stability.

一个辅基的存在可以增强酶的稳定性。

4.Hemoglobin contains a heme prosthetic group that binds oxygen.

血红蛋白包含一个结合氧气的血红素辅基。

5.Biotin acts as a prosthetic group in carboxylation reactions.

生物素在羧化反应中充当辅基。

作文

In the realm of biochemistry, understanding the complex interactions that occur within living organisms is crucial. One important concept that often arises in discussions about enzymes and proteins is the term prosthetic group. A prosthetic group refers to a non-polypeptide unit that is tightly and permanently attached to a protein, playing a critical role in its function. These groups can be organic molecules or metal ions, and they are essential for the biological activity of many enzymes. For example, hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood, contains a prosthetic group known as heme. The heme group is an iron-containing compound that allows hemoglobin to bind oxygen effectively. Without this prosthetic group, hemoglobin would not be able to perform its vital function in the body.The significance of prosthetic groups extends beyond just oxygen transport. Many enzymes require specific prosthetic groups to catalyze biochemical reactions efficiently. For instance, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a common prosthetic group found in various oxidoreductase enzymes. FAD plays a pivotal role in redox reactions, helping to facilitate the transfer of electrons during metabolic processes. This highlights the importance of prosthetic groups in maintaining the proper functioning of enzymes and, consequently, the metabolic pathways they govern.Moreover, the presence of prosthetic groups can significantly influence the structural stability of proteins. The binding of a prosthetic group can induce conformational changes in the protein structure, enhancing its stability and activity. For instance, the prosthetic group biotin is involved in carboxylation reactions and is crucial for the activity of certain enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The interaction between biotin and the enzyme exemplifies how prosthetic groups can modulate enzyme activity and contribute to the regulation of metabolic pathways.It is also worth noting that prosthetic groups differ from cofactors, which can be either loosely or tightly bound to enzymes. While cofactors may dissociate from the enzyme after the reaction, prosthetic groups remain permanently attached. This distinction is important when studying enzyme mechanisms and their interactions with substrates.In conclusion, the concept of prosthetic groups is fundamental to our understanding of enzyme functionality and protein biochemistry. These non-polypeptide units are not merely accessory components; they are integral to the catalytic activity and overall stability of many proteins. The study of prosthetic groups opens up avenues for research in areas such as enzyme engineering, drug design, and metabolic regulation. By delving deeper into the role of prosthetic groups, scientists can gain insights into the intricate workings of biological systems and potentially develop innovative solutions to address various health challenges.

在生物化学领域，理解生物体内发生的复杂相互作用至关重要。一个常常在讨论酶和蛋白质时出现的重要概念是“prosthetic group”这个术语。prosthetic group指的是紧密且永久性地附着在蛋白质上的非多肽单位，对于其功能起着关键作用。这些基团可以是有机分子或金属离子，并且对于许多酶的生物活性是必不可少的。例如，血红蛋白是负责运输氧气的蛋白质，它含有一种被称为血红素的prosthetic group。血红素是一种含铁化合物，使得血红蛋白能够有效地结合氧气。如果没有这个prosthetic group，血红蛋白将无法在体内执行其重要功能。prosthetic groups的重要性不仅限于氧气运输。许多酶需要特定的prosthetic groups来高效催化生化反应。例如，黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）是多种氧化还原酶中常见的prosthetic group。FAD在氧化还原反应中发挥着关键作用，帮助促进代谢过程中的电子转移。这突显了prosthetic groups在维持酶的正常功能以及它们所控制的代谢途径中的重要性。此外，prosthetic groups的存在可以显著影响蛋白质的结构稳定性。prosthetic group的结合可以引发蛋白质结构的构象变化，从而增强其稳定性和活性。例如，生物素（biotin）参与羧化反应，并且对于某些酶（如乙酰辅酶A羧化酶）的活性至关重要。生物素与酶之间的相互作用示范了prosthetic groups如何调节酶的活性并有助于代谢途径的调控。还值得注意的是，prosthetic groups与辅因子（cofactors）不同，后者可以是松散或紧密结合在酶上的。虽然辅因子可能在反应后从酶中解离，但prosthetic groups则保持永久附着。这一区别在研究酶机制及其与底物的相互作用时非常重要。总之，“prosthetic groups”这一概念是我们理解酶功能和蛋白质生物化学的基础。这些非多肽单位不仅仅是附属成分；它们对许多蛋白质的催化活性和整体稳定性至关重要。对prosthetic groups的研究为酶工程、药物设计和代谢调控等领域的研究打开了新的方向。通过深入探讨prosthetic groups的作用，科学家们可以获得对生物系统复杂运作的见解，并可能开发出创新的解决方案以应对各种健康挑战。