supererogatory

简明释义

英[ˌsuːpəreˈrɒɡətəri]美[ˌsupərɪˈrɑːɡəˌtɔːri]

adj. 额外的，多余的；职责以外的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Some theories of morally correct action also introduce the category of the supererogatory: an action is supererogatory if and only if it is morally praiseworthy, but not obligatory.

有些道德正确的行为的理论还引入了多劳类别：一个行为当且仅当它在道德上值得表扬但不是义务时就属于多劳类别。

2.Some theories of morally correct action also introduce the category of the supererogatory: an action is supererogatory if and only if it is morally praiseworthy, but not obligatory.

有些道德正确的行为的理论还引入了多劳类别：一个行为当且仅当它在道德上值得表扬但不是义务时就属于多劳类别。

3.Volunteering at the animal shelter is a supererogatory act of kindness that goes beyond what is expected.

在动物收容所做志愿者是一种超出义务的善举，超出了预期的范围。

4.The professor's extra office hours for students were considered supererogatory but greatly appreciated.

教授为学生提供的额外办公时间被认为是超出义务的，但受到极大的赞赏。

5.Helping your neighbor with their groceries can be viewed as a supererogatory gesture.

帮助邻居提购物袋可以被视为一种超出义务的姿态。

6.Her efforts to organize community clean-up days were supererogatory and inspired others to join.

她组织社区清理日的努力是超出义务的，并激励他人参与。

7.His decision to donate a portion of his salary to charity was seen as supererogatory by his colleagues.

他决定将一部分工资捐给慈善机构，这在他的同事看来是超出义务的。

作文

In the realm of ethics and moral philosophy, the term supererogatory refers to actions that go beyond the call of duty. These are acts that are commendable and praiseworthy but are not required or expected from an individual. Understanding the concept of supererogatory actions can provide valuable insights into the nature of moral obligations and the expectations we place on ourselves and others. To illustrate the idea of supererogatory actions, consider a scenario where a person volunteers to help at a local shelter. While it is commendable for someone to donate their time and effort to assist those in need, it is not a requirement for them to do so. This act of kindness is considered supererogatory because it goes beyond what is morally obligatory. In contrast, if an individual were to help a friend in distress, this could be seen as a moral obligation, as friends typically have a responsibility to support one another. The distinction between obligatory and supererogatory actions raises interesting questions about moral philosophy. For instance, should individuals be praised for performing supererogatory acts? Many would argue that such actions deserve recognition, as they contribute positively to society and demonstrate a commitment to altruism. However, others might contend that since these actions are not required, expecting recognition could undermine the spirit of selflessness that motivates them in the first place. Furthermore, the concept of supererogatory actions can also lead to discussions about ethical dilemmas and the pressures individuals face in making moral choices. In some cases, people may feel compelled to perform supererogatory acts due to societal expectations or peer pressure, which can blur the lines between genuine altruism and performative kindness. This raises the question of whether true supererogatory actions can exist in a society that places such high value on them. Another important aspect of supererogatory actions is their potential impact on personal relationships. When one person consistently engages in supererogatory behavior, it can create an imbalance in the relationship. The recipient of such generosity may feel indebted or obligated to reciprocate, leading to feelings of guilt or inadequacy if they cannot match the same level of altruism. This dynamic can complicate friendships and familial bonds, as individuals navigate their own capacities for giving and receiving support. In conclusion, the concept of supererogatory actions is rich with implications for our understanding of morality and human behavior. While these actions are not required, they play a crucial role in shaping our moral landscape and fostering a sense of community. By recognizing the value of supererogatory acts, we can cultivate an environment that encourages generosity and kindness, while also being mindful of the complexities that accompany such behaviors. Ultimately, the challenge lies in balancing our moral obligations with the freedom to choose when and how to engage in supererogatory actions, allowing us to contribute to society without compromising our own well-being.

在伦理学和道德哲学的领域中，术语supererogatory指的是超出职责范围的行为。这些是值得称赞和赞扬的行为，但并不是个人所要求或期望的。理解supererogatory行为的概念可以为我们提供关于道德义务及我们对自己和他人所施加的期望的宝贵见解。为了说明supererogatory行为的思想，考虑一个场景：一个人自愿在当地收容所帮助。虽然某人捐赠他们的时间和精力来帮助有需要的人是值得称赞的，但这并不是他们必须做的事情。这种善举被视为supererogatory，因为它超出了道德义务的范畴。相反，如果一个人帮助一个处于困境中的朋友，这可以被视为一种道德义务，因为朋友之间通常有责任互相支持。强制性与supererogatory行为之间的区别引发了有关道德哲学的有趣问题。例如，个人应该因执行supererogatory行为而受到赞扬吗？许多人会认为这种行为值得认可，因为它们对社会产生积极影响，并展示了对利他主义的承诺。然而，也有人可能会辩称，由于这些行为不是必要的，期待获得认可可能会削弱最初激励他们的无私精神。此外，supererogatory行为的概念还可能引发关于伦理困境和个人在做出道德选择时面临的压力的讨论。在某些情况下，人们可能会感到被社会期望或同龄人的压力所迫，去执行supererogatory行为，这可能会模糊真正利他主义与表演性善良之间的界限。这引发了一个问题：在一个如此重视这些行为的社会中，真正的supererogatory行为是否可能存在。supererogatory行为的另一个重要方面是它们对人际关系的潜在影响。当一个人持续进行supererogatory行为时，这可能会在关系中造成不平衡。这种慷慨的接受者可能会感到负债或有义务回报，从而导致内疚或不适的感觉，如果他们无法达到同样的利他水平。这种动态可能会使友谊和家庭关系复杂化，因为个人在给予和接受支持的能力之间进行权衡。总之，supererogatory行为的概念对于我们理解道德和人类行为的丰富含义至关重要。虽然这些行为不是必需的，但它们在塑造我们的道德环境和促进社区意识方面发挥着关键作用。通过认识到supererogatory行为的价值，我们可以培养一种鼓励慷慨和善良的环境，同时也要关注伴随这些行为而来的复杂性。最终，挑战在于平衡我们的道德义务与自由选择何时以及如何参与supererogatory行为，使我们能够为社会作出贡献，而不损害自己的福祉。