partial valence

简明释义

余价

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding partial valence 部分价态 is crucial for predicting molecular reactivity.

理解部分价态 partial valence 对于预测分子反应性至关重要。

2.In quantum chemistry, the concept of partial valence 部分价态 helps explain the bonding in complex molecules.

在量子化学中，部分价态 partial valence 的概念有助于解释复杂分子的键合。

3.The partial valence 部分价态 of an atom can vary depending on its environment.

一个原子的部分价态 partial valence 可以根据其环境而变化。

4.Researchers studied the partial valence 部分价态 of carbon in various organic compounds.

研究人员研究了碳在各种有机化合物中的部分价态 partial valence。

5.The theory of partial valence 部分价态 allows chemists to visualize electron sharing in covalent bonds.

部分价态 partial valence 理论使化学家能够可视化共价键中的电子共享。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, understanding the concept of partial valence is crucial for grasping how atoms interact and bond with one another. Partial valence refers to the idea that not all electrons in an atom contribute equally to bonding. Instead, some electrons may have a greater influence on the chemical properties of the atom due to their energy levels and spatial distribution. This concept is particularly significant when discussing covalent bonds, where atoms share electrons to achieve stability. To illustrate, consider the example of water (H2O). The oxygen atom in water has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms, meaning it attracts the shared electrons more strongly. As a result, the electrons are not shared equally, leading to a situation where the oxygen atom has a partial valence that is negative, while the hydrogen atoms exhibit a partial valence that is positive. This unequal sharing creates a polar molecule, which is essential for many of water's unique properties, such as its high surface tension and its ability to dissolve many substances.Furthermore, the concept of partial valence extends beyond simple molecules to complex organic compounds. In organic chemistry, the behavior of functional groups can often be explained through their partial valence. For instance, in carboxylic acids, the carbonyl group (C=O) has a significant partial valence that contributes to the acidity of the compound. The electron-withdrawing nature of the oxygen atom increases the positive character of the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH), making it more likely to dissociate as a proton (H+).The implications of partial valence are not limited to theoretical discussions; they also play a vital role in practical applications. For example, understanding the partial valence of different elements helps chemists design new materials with desired properties. In materials science, the manipulation of partial valence can lead to the development of polymers that are stronger, lighter, or more resistant to heat. By altering the way atoms bond and interact at the molecular level, scientists can create innovative solutions for various industries, including electronics, aerospace, and medicine.Moreover, the concept of partial valence is fundamental in the study of catalysis. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Understanding how partial valence affects the reactivity of different molecules allows chemists to design catalysts that are more efficient and selective. For instance, in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, the use of specific catalysts can significantly enhance the reaction rate by optimizing the partial valence interactions between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.In conclusion, the concept of partial valence is a key element in understanding chemical bonding and molecular interactions. It provides insight into the behavior of atoms in various contexts, from simple molecules to complex organic compounds and advanced materials. By recognizing the significance of partial valence, we can better appreciate the intricate dance of electrons that underpins the vast array of chemical phenomena in our world. As research continues to evolve, the implications of partial valence will undoubtedly lead to further discoveries and innovations in science and technology.

在化学领域，理解部分价态的概念对于掌握原子如何相互作用和结合至关重要。部分价态指的是并非所有原子中的电子在结合中都有同等的贡献。相反，一些电子可能由于其能量水平和空间分布对原子的化学性质产生更大的影响。这个概念在讨论共价键时尤为重要，因为原子共享电子以实现稳定性。例如，考虑水（H2O）的例子。水中的氧原子比氢原子具有更高的电负性，这意味着它更强烈地吸引共享电子。因此，电子并不平等地共享，导致氧原子具有负的部分价态，而氢原子表现出正的部分价态。这种不平等的共享创建了一个极性分子，这对于水的许多独特性质至关重要，例如其高表面张力和溶解许多物质的能力。此外，部分价态的概念不仅限于简单分子，还扩展到复杂的有机化合物。在有机化学中，官能团的行为通常可以通过其部分价态来解释。例如，在羧酸中，羰基（C=O）具有显著的部分价态，这增加了化合物的酸性。氧原子的电子吸引特性增强了羟基（-OH）中氢原子的正性，使其更容易作为质子（H+）离解。部分价态的影响不仅限于理论讨论；它们在实际应用中也发挥着重要作用。例如，理解不同元素的部分价态帮助化学家设计具有所需性能的新材料。在材料科学中，操控部分价态可以导致开发出更强、更轻或更耐热的聚合物。通过改变原子在分子水平上的结合和相互作用方式，科学家们可以为电子、航空航天和医学等各个行业创造创新的解决方案。此外，部分价态的概念在催化研究中也是基础。催化剂是指在化学反应过程中不被消耗的物质，能够提高反应速率。理解部分价态如何影响不同分子的反应性使化学家能够设计出更高效和选择性的催化剂。例如，在氨合成的哈伯过程（Haber process）中，使用特定催化剂可以通过优化氮和氢原子之间的部分价态相互作用显著增强反应速率。总之，部分价态的概念是理解化学结合和分子相互作用的关键要素。它为我们提供了关于原子在各种背景下行为的见解，从简单分子到复杂有机化合物以及先进材料。通过认识到部分价态的重要性，我们可以更好地欣赏支撑我们世界中各种化学现象的电子舞蹈。随着研究的不断发展，部分价态的影响无疑将导致科学和技术领域的进一步发现和创新。