oxidative phosphorylation

简明释义

氧化磷酸化

英英释义

例句

1.Certain poisons can inhibit oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化, leading to decreased ATP production.

某些毒素可以抑制氧化磷酸化 oxidative phosphorylation，导致ATP生产减少。

2.Mitochondrial dysfunction can affect oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化 and lead to various diseases.

线粒体功能障碍会影响氧化磷酸化 oxidative phosphorylation，并导致各种疾病。

3.The process of oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化 involves the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.

过程中的氧化磷酸化 oxidative phosphorylation 涉及电子传递链和ATP合成酶。

4.In the presence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化 is the most efficient way to generate energy.

在有氧的情况下，氧化磷酸化 oxidative phosphorylation 是产生能量的最有效方式。

5.During cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化 occurs in the mitochondria to produce ATP.

在细胞呼吸过程中，氧化磷酸化 oxidative phosphorylation 在线粒体中发生以产生ATP。

作文

In the realm of cellular biology, one of the most crucial processes that sustains life is known as oxidative phosphorylation. This biochemical pathway occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is integral to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Understanding oxidative phosphorylation not only sheds light on how cells generate energy but also highlights its significance in various physiological and pathological conditions.The process of oxidative phosphorylation begins with the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are transferred through these complexes, originating from reduced coenzymes such as NADH and FADH2, which are produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. As electrons move through the chain, they release energy, which is used to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient across the membrane, a form of potential energy known as the electrochemical gradient.Once the proton gradient is established, the protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, a complex enzyme that harnesses this flow to synthesize ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This mechanism of ATP production is what defines oxidative phosphorylation. It is fascinating to note that this process is highly efficient, yielding approximately 30 to 32 molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose metabolized.However, the importance of oxidative phosphorylation extends beyond mere energy production. It plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating metabolic pathways. For instance, when oxygen levels are low, as in certain medical conditions or during intense exercise, cells may switch to anaerobic metabolism, which is far less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation. This shift can lead to the accumulation of lactic acid and other metabolites, resulting in fatigue and muscle cramps.Moreover, disturbances in oxidative phosphorylation can have profound implications for human health. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as metabolic syndromes and cancer. Understanding how oxidative phosphorylation is regulated and how it can be affected by genetic and environmental factors is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating these conditions.In conclusion, oxidative phosphorylation is a fundamental biological process that not only provides energy for cellular functions but also plays a pivotal role in overall metabolic health. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of this pathway, we gain valuable insights into the mechanisms underpinning life itself. By appreciating the importance of oxidative phosphorylation, we can better understand the delicate balance that sustains our cells and, ultimately, our lives.

在细胞生物学的领域中，维持生命的一个至关重要的过程被称为氧化磷酸化。这一生化途径发生在真核细胞的线粒体中，对于腺苷三磷酸（ATP）的生成至关重要，ATP是细胞的能量货币。理解氧化磷酸化不仅能揭示细胞如何产生能量，还突显其在各种生理和病理条件下的重要性。氧化磷酸化的过程始于电子传递链，这是位于内线粒体膜上的一系列蛋白质复合体。电子通过这些复合体转移，源自还原辅酶NADH和FADH2，这些辅酶是在糖酵解和柠檬酸循环中产生的。随着电子在链中移动，它们释放出能量，这些能量被用来将质子（H+）从线粒体基质泵送到膜间隙。这在膜上创建了质子梯度，这是一种潜在能量的形式，称为电化学梯度。一旦质子梯度建立，质子通过ATP合成酶流回线粒体基质，这种复杂的酶利用这种流动合成ATP，从腺苷二磷酸（ADP）和无机磷酸盐（Pi）中。这个ATP生产机制定义了氧化磷酸化。值得注意的是，这一过程效率极高，每分子葡萄糖代谢大约可产生30到32个ATP分子。然而，氧化磷酸化的重要性不仅仅在于能量的产生。它在维持细胞稳态和调节代谢途径中发挥着关键作用。例如，当氧气水平较低时，如在某些医学条件或剧烈运动期间，细胞可能会转向厌氧代谢，而这种代谢远不如氧化磷酸化高效。这种转变可能导致乳酸和其他代谢产物的积累，导致疲劳和肌肉痉挛。此外，氧化磷酸化的干扰可能对人类健康产生深远影响。线粒体功能障碍与多种疾病相关，包括帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病，以及代谢综合症和癌症。了解氧化磷酸化如何被调节以及如何受到遗传和环境因素的影响，对于开发旨在减轻这些疾病的治疗策略至关重要。总之，氧化磷酸化是一个基本的生物过程，不仅为细胞功能提供能量，而且在整体代谢健康中发挥着关键作用。随着研究继续揭示这一途径的复杂性，我们获得了对支撑生命本身机制的宝贵洞察。通过欣赏氧化磷酸化的重要性，我们可以更好地理解维持我们细胞乃至我们生活的微妙平衡。