oxidation number

简明释义

氧化值

英英释义

例句

1.In the ion Fe3+, the oxidation number 氧化数 of iron is +3.

在离子Fe3+中，铁的氧化数是+3。

2.The oxidation number 氧化数 of oxygen in H2O is -2.

在H2O中，氧的氧化数是-2。

3.In the compound NaCl, the oxidation number 氧化数 of sodium is +1.

在化合物NaCl中，钠的氧化数是+1。

4.To determine the oxidation number 氧化数 of carbon in CO2, we find it to be +4.

要确定CO2中碳的氧化数，我们发现它是+4。

5.The oxidation number 氧化数 of hydrogen in most compounds is +1.

在大多数化合物中，氢的氧化数是+1。

作文

Understanding the concept of oxidation number is essential in the field of chemistry, as it plays a crucial role in determining how atoms interact within compounds. The oxidation number, sometimes referred to as oxidation state, is a numerical value that represents the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. This concept helps chemists understand the electron distribution in molecules and predict the behavior of substances during chemical reactions.In simple terms, the oxidation number can be thought of as the charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were completely ionic. For example, in water (H2O), the oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2, while each hydrogen atom has an oxidation number of +1. This indicates that oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, pulling the shared electrons closer to itself and creating a partial negative charge.The rules for determining oxidation number are straightforward but must be applied systematically. For instance, the oxidation number of an element in its elemental form is always zero. In compounds, certain elements have specific oxidation numbers that they maintain consistently. For example, alkali metals (group 1) always have an oxidation number of +1, while alkaline earth metals (group 2) have an oxidation number of +2. Additionally, oxygen generally has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1, and hydrogen usually has an oxidation number of +1 when bonded to nonmetals.Understanding oxidation numbers is particularly important when balancing redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions. In such reactions, one species loses electrons (is oxidized) while another gains electrons (is reduced). By assigning oxidation numbers to the elements involved, chemists can easily identify which elements are undergoing oxidation and reduction, allowing them to balance the reaction appropriately.Moreover, oxidation numbers can also help in predicting the products of chemical reactions. For example, in the reaction between iron and oxygen to form iron oxide, knowing the oxidation numbers of iron (+3 in Fe2O3) and oxygen (-2) allows chemists to deduce how many iron atoms will combine with how many oxygen atoms to form a stable compound.In conclusion, the oxidation number is a fundamental concept in chemistry that aids in understanding the behavior of atoms in compounds. By mastering the rules for determining oxidation numbers, students and professionals alike can gain valuable insights into chemical reactions, predict products, and balance equations effectively. This knowledge is not only crucial for academic success in chemistry but also has practical applications in fields such as biochemistry, environmental science, and materials engineering. Therefore, investing time in learning about oxidation numbers is undoubtedly worthwhile for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of chemistry.

理解氧化数的概念在化学领域至关重要，因为它在确定原子在化合物中的相互作用方面发挥着关键作用。氧化数，有时称为氧化态，是一个数值，表示化学化合物中原子的氧化程度。这个概念帮助化学家理解分子中的电子分布，并预测物质在化学反应中的行为。简单来说，氧化数可以被视为一个原子如果与不同元素的原子完全离子化结合时所具有的电荷。例如，在水（H2O）中，氧原子的氧化数为-2，而每个氢原子的氧化数为+1。这表明氧比氢更具电负性，使得共享电子更靠近自己，从而产生部分负电荷。确定氧化数的规则是简单的，但必须系统地应用。例如，元素在其元素形式中的氧化数总是零。在化合物中，某些元素始终保持特定的氧化数。例如，碱金属（第1族）的氧化数总是+1，而碱土金属（第2族）的氧化数为+2。此外，氧通常具有-2的氧化数，除非在过氧化物中其氧化数为-1，氢在与非金属结合时通常具有+1的氧化数。理解氧化数在平衡氧化还原反应中尤为重要。在这样的反应中，一个物种失去电子（被氧化），而另一个物种获得电子（被还原）。通过给参与的元素分配氧化数，化学家可以轻松识别出哪些元素正在经历氧化和还原，从而有效地平衡反应。此外，氧化数还可以帮助预测化学反应的产物。例如，在铁与氧反应生成氧化铁的过程中，了解铁（在Fe2O3中为+3）和氧（-2）的氧化数可以使化学家推测出多少个铁原子将与多少个氧原子结合形成稳定的化合物。总之，氧化数是化学中的一个基本概念，有助于理解化合物中原子的行为。通过掌握确定氧化数的规则，学生和专业人士都可以获得对化学反应的宝贵见解，预测产物，并有效平衡方程式。这一知识不仅对化学学术成功至关重要，而且在生物化学、环境科学和材料工程等领域也具有实际应用。因此，花时间学习氧化数无疑是值得的，尤其是对于任何希望加深对化学理解的人。