organic radical

简明释义

有机基

英英释义

例句

1.In organic chemistry, an organic radical (有机自由基) can be highly reactive and short-lived.

在有机化学中，有机自由基通常具有高度的反应性且寿命短暂。

2.The stability of an organic radical (有机自由基) can be influenced by its surrounding environment.

一个有机自由基的稳定性可以受到其周围环境的影响。

3.Certain antioxidants work by neutralizing organic radicals (有机自由基) in the body.

某些抗氧化剂通过中和体内的有机自由基来发挥作用。

4.Researchers are studying how organic radicals (有机自由基) contribute to oxidative stress in cells.

研究人员正在研究有机自由基如何导致细胞中的氧化应激。

5.The chemist synthesized a new compound using an organic radical (有机自由基) to initiate the reaction.

化学家使用一种新的有机自由基来启动反应合成了一种新化合物。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, the term organic radical refers to a species that contains an unpaired electron, making it highly reactive. These radicals play a crucial role in various chemical reactions, particularly in organic chemistry, where they can initiate processes such as polymerization and combustion. Understanding organic radicals is essential for chemists as they often serve as intermediates in many synthetic pathways. One of the most common examples of organic radicals is the alkyl radical, which is formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane. This process can occur through various methods, including thermal decomposition or photolysis. The reactivity of these radicals stems from their desire to pair the unpaired electron, leading them to participate in reactions with other molecules. For instance, when an alkyl radical encounters another molecule, it can abstract a hydrogen atom, forming a new bond and generating a different radical. The significance of organic radicals extends beyond simple reactions; they are also pivotal in biological systems. In living organisms, radicals can be produced during metabolic processes. For example, during cellular respiration, the electron transport chain can generate superoxide radicals, which are a type of organic radical. While these radicals can have damaging effects, such as causing oxidative stress, they also play roles in cell signaling and immune response. Moreover, understanding how organic radicals behave allows scientists to design better pharmaceuticals and materials. In drug development, for instance, researchers often need to consider how a drug might interact with free radicals in the body. Some therapies aim to neutralize harmful radicals, while others harness their reactivity for therapeutic purposes. In addition to their importance in biological contexts, organic radicals are also fundamental in environmental chemistry. They can contribute to atmospheric reactions that affect air quality and climate change. For example, the presence of certain organic radicals in the atmosphere can lead to the formation of secondary pollutants, such as ozone, which has significant health and environmental impacts. In conclusion, organic radicals are more than just fleeting chemical entities; they are integral components of numerous chemical processes, both in the laboratory and in nature. Their unique properties make them valuable in fields ranging from materials science to medicine. By continuing to study organic radicals, chemists can unlock new pathways for innovation and improve our understanding of fundamental biological and environmental processes.

有机自由基一词在化学领域中指的是一种含有未成对电子的物质，使其具有高度反应性。这些自由基在各种化学反应中发挥着重要作用，特别是在有机化学中，它们可以启动聚合和燃烧等过程。理解有机自由基对于化学家至关重要，因为它们通常作为许多合成途径中的中间体。 最常见的有机自由基之一是烷基自由基，它是在从烷烃中去除氢原子时形成的。这个过程可以通过多种方法发生，包括热分解或光解。这些自由基的反应性源于它们希望使未成对电子配对，从而促使它们与其他分子参与反应。例如，当烷基自由基遇到另一分子时，它可以抽取一个氢原子，形成新的键并生成不同的自由基。 有机自由基的重要性不仅限于简单反应；它们在生物系统中也至关重要。在生物体内，自由基可以在代谢过程中产生。例如，在细胞呼吸过程中，电子传递链可以生成超氧自由基，这是一种有机自由基。虽然这些自由基可能会造成损害，例如导致氧化应激，但它们在细胞信号传导和免疫反应中也发挥着作用。 此外，理解有机自由基的行为使科学家能够设计更好的药物和材料。在药物开发中，研究人员经常需要考虑药物如何与体内的自由基相互作用。一些疗法旨在中和有害的自由基，而另一些则利用它们的反应性来实现治疗目的。 除了在生物环境中的重要性外，有机自由基在环境化学中也是基础。它们可以促进影响空气质量和气候变化的大气反应。例如，某些有机自由基在大气中的存在可能导致二次污染物的形成，如臭氧，这对健康和环境有显著影响。 总之，有机自由基不仅仅是短暂的化学实体；它们是实验室和自然中众多化学过程的基本组成部分。它们独特的性质使它们在材料科学和医学等多个领域中具有价值。通过继续研究有机自由基，化学家们可以为创新开辟新的途径，并改善我们对基本生物和环境过程的理解。