monohydric alcohol

简明释义

一元醇

英英释义

例句

1.Many personal care products contain monohydric alcohols 一元醇 as solvents or preservatives.

许多个人护理产品含有monohydric alcohols 一元醇 作为溶剂或防腐剂。

2.The production of biodiesel often involves the transesterification of triglycerides with a monohydric alcohol 一元醇 like methanol.

生物柴油的生产通常涉及将甘油三酯与像甲醇这样的monohydric alcohol 一元醇 进行酯交换反应。

3.Methanol is a toxic monohydric alcohol 一元醇 that should be handled with care due to its harmful effects.

甲醇是一种有毒的monohydric alcohol 一元醇，由于其有害影响，应该小心处理。

4.In the laboratory, we often use monohydric alcohols 一元醇 for various synthesis reactions.

在实验室中，我们经常使用monohydric alcohols 一元醇 进行各种合成反应。

5.In organic chemistry, a common example of a monohydric alcohol 一元醇 is ethanol, which is widely used in beverages.

在有机化学中，一个常见的monohydric alcohol 一元醇 是乙醇，广泛用于饮料中。

作文

In the world of chemistry, alcohols are a fascinating group of compounds that play significant roles in various industries and everyday life. Among these, one category stands out due to its unique structure and properties: monohydric alcohol. A monohydric alcohol is defined as an alcohol that contains only one hydroxyl (-OH) functional group per molecule. This characteristic distinguishes it from polyhydric alcohols, which have multiple hydroxyl groups. Understanding the nature and applications of monohydric alcohols can provide insights into their importance in both industrial and biological contexts.One of the most common examples of a monohydric alcohol is ethanol, which is widely known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol is not only used for consumption but also serves as a crucial solvent and intermediate in the production of various chemicals. Its simple structure, consisting of two carbon atoms and one hydroxyl group, makes it highly versatile. The presence of the hydroxyl group allows ethanol to engage in hydrogen bonding, which contributes to its relatively high boiling point compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight.Another notable monohydric alcohol is methanol, which is often referred to as wood alcohol. Methanol is primarily used as an industrial solvent, antifreeze, and fuel. Its production process typically involves the catalytic conversion of natural gas, making it a key player in the energy sector. Despite its usefulness, methanol is highly toxic to humans, highlighting the need for careful handling and regulation in its use.The significance of monohydric alcohols extends beyond their industrial applications; they also play vital roles in biological systems. For instance, glycerol, which can be classified as a monohydric alcohol under certain conditions, is an essential component of lipids, forming the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids. These molecules are crucial for cell membrane structure and energy storage in living organisms.In addition to their structural roles in biology, monohydric alcohols can also participate in various biochemical reactions. For example, they can undergo oxidation to form aldehydes or ketones, depending on the structure of the alcohol. This property is exploited in many biochemical pathways, showcasing the versatility of monohydric alcohols in metabolic processes.Furthermore, the study of monohydric alcohols is essential in fields such as pharmacology and medicine. Many drugs and therapeutic agents are derived from monohydric alcohols, and understanding their chemical behavior can lead to the development of more effective treatments. For instance, the design of certain anesthetics and analgesics involves modifying the structure of monohydric alcohols to enhance their efficacy and reduce side effects.In conclusion, monohydric alcohols are a vital class of organic compounds with a wide range of applications in various fields, including industry, biology, and medicine. Their unique structural characteristics, particularly the presence of a single hydroxyl group, enable them to participate in numerous chemical reactions and biological processes. As we continue to explore the properties and potential of monohydric alcohols, it becomes increasingly clear that they are indispensable to both our daily lives and the advancement of scientific knowledge.

在化学世界中，醇是一类迷人的化合物，在各种行业和日常生活中发挥着重要作用。在这些化合物中，有一个类别因其独特的结构和性质而脱颖而出：单羟醇。单羟醇被定义为每个分子仅包含一个羟基（-OH）功能团的醇。这一特征将其与多羟醇区分开来，后者具有多个羟基。理解单羟醇的性质和应用可以为我们提供有关其在工业和生物背景下重要性的见解。最常见的单羟醇的例子之一是乙醇，它被广泛认为是饮料中所含的酒精类型。乙醇不仅用于消费，还作为各种化学品生产中的关键溶剂和中间体。其简单的结构由两个碳原子和一个羟基组成，使其具有高度的多功能性。羟基的存在使得乙醇能够进行氢键作用，这使其相较于相似分子量的烃具有相对较高的沸点。另一个显著的单羟醇是甲醇，通常被称为木醇。甲醇主要用作工业溶剂、防冻剂和燃料。其生产过程通常涉及天然气的催化转化，使其成为能源领域的重要参与者。尽管甲醇非常有用，但它对人类高度毒性，这突显了在使用时需要小心处理和监管。单羟醇的重要性超越了它们的工业应用；它们在生物系统中也发挥着至关重要的作用。例如，甘油在某些条件下可以被归类为单羟醇，是脂质的基本组成部分，形成甘油三酯和磷脂的骨架。这些分子对于细胞膜结构和生物体内能量储存至关重要。除了在生物学中的结构角色外，单羟醇还可以参与各种生化反应。例如，它们可以被氧化形成醛或酮，具体取决于醇的结构。这一特性在许多生化途径中得到了利用，展示了单羟醇在代谢过程中的多样性。此外，研究单羟醇在药理学和医学等领域至关重要。许多药物和治疗剂源自单羟醇，理解它们的化学行为可以导致更有效的治疗方法的发展。例如，某些麻醉剂和镇痛剂的设计涉及修改单羟醇的结构，以增强其功效并减少副作用。总之，单羟醇是一类在各个领域（包括工业、生物和医学）中具有广泛应用的重要有机化合物。它们独特的结构特征，特别是单个羟基的存在，使它们能够参与众多化学反应和生物过程。随着我们继续探索单羟醇的性质和潜力，越来越明显的是，它们对我们的日常生活和科学知识的进步是不可或缺的。