molecular symmetry

简明释义

分子对称

英英释义

例句

1.Many drugs rely on specific molecular symmetry to interact effectively with biological targets.

许多药物依赖特定的分子对称性以有效与生物靶点相互作用。

2.The concept of molecular symmetry is essential for understanding molecular vibrations.

理解分子振动时，分子对称性的概念是必不可少的。

3.Understanding molecular symmetry is crucial for determining the optical activity of compounds.

理解分子对称性对于确定化合物的光学活性至关重要。

4.The study of molecular symmetry helps chemists predict the behavior of molecules in reactions.

对分子对称性的研究帮助化学家预测分子在反应中的行为。

5.In spectroscopy, molecular symmetry can influence the selection rules for transitions.

在光谱学中，分子对称性可以影响跃迁的选择规则。

作文

Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in chemistry that plays a crucial role in understanding the properties and behaviors of molecules. At its core, molecular symmetry refers to the balanced arrangement of atoms within a molecule. This symmetry can significantly influence various physical and chemical properties, including reactivity, polarity, and even optical activity. To appreciate the importance of molecular symmetry, one must first consider how molecules are structured. Molecules consist of atoms bonded together in specific geometrical arrangements, and these arrangements can exhibit different types of symmetry. For instance, some molecules may have rotational symmetry, where they can be rotated around an axis and still appear unchanged. Others may display mirror symmetry, where one half of the molecule is a mirror image of the other half.Understanding molecular symmetry is essential for predicting how molecules will interact with each other. In organic chemistry, for example, the symmetry of a molecule can determine whether it will participate in certain reactions or how it will behave when exposed to light. Molecules that possess high symmetry often have lower energy states, making them more stable and less reactive compared to their asymmetric counterparts. This stability is particularly important in biochemical processes, where enzymes and substrates must fit together perfectly, akin to a lock and key.Moreover, molecular symmetry also has implications in the field of spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques, such as infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, rely on the symmetry of molecules to interpret their spectral data. Molecules with symmetrical structures can produce distinct spectral patterns, allowing chemists to identify and analyze them more effectively. This aspect of molecular symmetry underscores its significance in both theoretical and practical applications within chemistry.In addition to its chemical implications, molecular symmetry can also be observed in nature. Many biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, exhibit specific symmetrical arrangements that are critical for their functions. For instance, the double helix structure of DNA showcases a type of helical symmetry, which is vital for genetic information storage and replication. Similarly, the symmetrical arrangement of amino acids in proteins influences their three-dimensional shapes, ultimately affecting their biological activities.In conclusion, molecular symmetry is a pivotal concept in chemistry that affects molecular behavior and interactions. Its influence extends beyond mere structural considerations, impacting stability, reactivity, and analytical techniques. By studying molecular symmetry, chemists can gain insights into the underlying principles that govern the molecular world, paving the way for advancements in various scientific fields. Understanding this concept not only enhances our comprehension of chemical phenomena but also enriches our appreciation for the intricate beauty found in molecular structures and their symmetries.

分子对称性是化学中的一个基本概念，对于理解分子的性质和行为起着至关重要的作用。其核心在于，molecular symmetry指的是分子中原子的平衡排列。这种对称性可以显著影响各种物理和化学性质，包括反应性、极性，甚至光学活性。要理解molecular symmetry的重要性，首先必须考虑分子的结构。分子由以特定几何排列结合在一起的原子组成，这些排列可以表现出不同类型的对称性。例如，一些分子可能具有旋转对称性，即它们可以围绕某个轴旋转而看起来不变。其他分子则可能显示镜像对称性，其中分子的一个半部是另一个半部的镜像。理解molecular symmetry对于预测分子之间的相互作用至关重要。在有机化学中，例如，分子的对称性可以决定它是否会参与某些反应，或者在暴露于光线时的行为。具有高对称性的分子通常具有较低的能量状态，使它们比不对称的分子更稳定且反应性更低。这种稳定性在生化过程中尤为重要，因为酶和底物必须完美契合，就像锁和钥匙一样。此外，molecular symmetry在光谱学领域也有重要意义。光谱技术，如红外光谱和核磁共振(NMR)光谱，依赖于分子的对称性来解释其光谱数据。具有对称结构的分子可以产生独特的光谱模式，使化学家能够更有效地识别和分析它们。这一方面突显了molecular symmetry在化学理论和实践应用中的重要性。除了其化学含义，molecular symmetry在自然界中也可以观察到。许多生物分子，如蛋白质和核酸，展示出特定的对称排列，这对于它们的功能至关重要。例如，DNA的双螺旋结构展示了一种螺旋对称性，这对遗传信息的储存和复制至关重要。类似地，蛋白质中氨基酸的对称排列影响其三维形状，最终影响其生物活性。总之，molecular symmetry是化学中的一个关键概念，影响分子的行为和相互作用。其影响不仅限于结构考虑，还影响稳定性、反应性和分析技术。通过研究molecular symmetry，化学家可以深入了解支配分子世界的基本原理，为各个科学领域的进步铺平道路。理解这一概念不仅增强了我们对化学现象的理解，也丰富了我们对分子结构及其对称性中所蕴含的复杂美的欣赏。