drug metabolism

简明释义

药物代谢酌

英英释义

例句

1.Certain foods can affect drug metabolism and alter medication efficacy.

某些食物会影响药物代谢并改变药物的有效性。

2.Patients with liver diseases often experience altered drug metabolism.

患有肝病的患者通常会经历改变的药物代谢。

3.Understanding drug metabolism is crucial for developing effective medications.

理解药物代谢对于开发有效药物至关重要。

4.The study focused on the effects of genetics on drug metabolism.

这项研究集中于遗传对药物代谢的影响。

5.Researchers are investigating how age impacts drug metabolism rates.

研究人员正在调查年龄如何影响药物代谢速率。

作文

The process of drug metabolism is essential in pharmacology, as it determines the duration and intensity of a drug's effect on the body. Drug metabolism refers to the biochemical modification made by an organism on a chemical compound. This process primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes convert lipophilic chemical compounds into more readily excreted hydrophilic products. Understanding drug metabolism is crucial for developing effective medications and minimizing adverse effects.When a drug enters the body, it undergoes several phases of metabolism. The first phase involves the conversion of the active drug into a more polar compound through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis. This transformation is primarily facilitated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play a significant role in the metabolism of many drugs. The second phase, known as conjugation, involves the addition of another substance to the drug or its metabolite, making it more water-soluble and easier to excrete. Factors that influence drug metabolism include genetics, age, gender, diet, and the presence of other substances in the body. For instance, some individuals may possess genetic variations that affect the activity of metabolic enzymes, leading to differences in how they process certain medications. Older adults may experience slower drug metabolism due to decreased liver function, while children often have faster metabolism rates. Moreover, certain foods and herbal supplements can either enhance or inhibit drug metabolism. Grapefruit juice, for example, is known to inhibit specific enzymes responsible for metabolizing various drugs, potentially leading to increased drug levels in the bloodstream and heightened risk of side effects. Conversely, substances like St. John's Wort can induce drug metabolism, reducing the effectiveness of certain medications.Understanding the implications of drug metabolism is vital for healthcare professionals when prescribing medications. By considering individual patient factors, they can tailor drug regimens that optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse reactions. This personalized approach is increasingly important in modern medicine, especially with the rise of precision medicine, which aims to customize treatment based on individual genetic profiles.In conclusion, drug metabolism is a complex but critical aspect of pharmacology that affects how drugs are processed in the body. It encompasses various biochemical processes that transform drugs into forms that can be easily eliminated. Knowledge of drug metabolism allows for better drug design, safer medication use, and personalized treatment strategies. As research continues to advance our understanding of this field, it holds the promise of improving patient care and enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

药物代谢的过程在药理学中至关重要，因为它决定了药物对身体的作用持续时间和强度。药物代谢是指生物体对化合物进行的生化修饰。这个过程主要发生在肝脏，酶将亲脂性化合物转化为更易排泄的亲水性产物。理解药物代谢对于开发有效药物和最小化不良反应至关重要。当药物进入体内时，它会经历几个代谢阶段。第一阶段涉及将活性药物转化为更极性化合物，这一过程通过氧化、还原或水解进行。这个转化主要由细胞色素P450酶促进，这些酶在许多药物的代谢中起着重要作用。第二阶段被称为结合阶段，涉及将另一种物质添加到药物或其代谢物上，使其更易溶于水并更容易排泄。影响药物代谢的因素包括遗传、年龄、性别、饮食以及体内其他物质的存在。例如，一些个体可能具有影响代谢酶活性的遗传变异，导致他们在处理某些药物时存在差异。老年人由于肝功能下降，可能会经历较慢的药物代谢，而儿童通常具有更快的代谢速率。此外，某些食物和草药补充剂可以增强或抑制药物代谢。例如，葡萄柚汁被认为会抑制特定酶，这些酶负责代谢各种药物，可能导致血液中药物水平升高，从而增加副作用的风险。相反，圣约翰草等物质可以诱导药物代谢，降低某些药物的效果。了解药物代谢的影响对于医疗专业人员在开处方时至关重要。通过考虑个体患者的因素，他们可以量身定制药物方案，以优化治疗效果，同时最小化不良反应。这种个性化的方法在现代医学中越来越重要，特别是在精准医学的兴起下，旨在根据个体的基因特征定制治疗。总之，药物代谢是药理学中一个复杂但关键的方面，影响药物在体内的处理方式。它包含各种生化过程，将药物转化为易于排泄的形式。对药物代谢的知识使得更好的药物设计、更安全的药物使用和个性化的治疗策略成为可能。随着研究不断推进我们对这一领域的理解，它有望改善患者护理并增强治疗干预的有效性。