dose equivalent

简明释义

剂量当量

英英释义

例句

1.The radiation exposure was measured in terms of dose equivalent, which reflects the biological effect of the radiation.

辐射暴露的测量以剂量当量为单位，这反映了辐射的生物效应。

2.The dose equivalent received during a flight at high altitudes is monitored for frequent flyers.

高空飞行期间接收到的剂量当量会被监测，以保护频繁飞行的乘客。

3.Regulatory agencies set limits on the annual dose equivalent that individuals can receive.

监管机构设定了个人每年可以接受的剂量当量限制。

4.In a medical setting, the dose equivalent helps to determine the safety of radiation therapy for patients.

在医疗环境中，剂量当量有助于确定放射治疗对患者的安全性。

5.The dose equivalent is crucial for assessing occupational exposure to radiation among workers.

对于评估工人职业辐射暴露，剂量当量至关重要。

作文

The concept of dose equivalent is crucial in the field of radiation protection and health physics. It is a measure used to assess the biological effects of ionizing radiation on human tissues. Unlike the simple measurement of radiation exposure, which can be quantified in terms of absorbed dose, dose equivalent takes into account the type of radiation and its potential to cause harm. This is particularly important because different types of radiation—such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays—have varying levels of biological impact. To understand dose equivalent, we must first explore the idea of absorbed dose. Absorbed dose is defined as the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit mass of tissue, measured in grays (Gy). However, this measure does not fully represent the risk associated with different types of radiation. For instance, while a certain amount of energy may be deposited in tissue by an alpha particle, the biological effect can be significantly more harmful than the same amount of energy deposited by a beta particle or gamma ray. Therefore, we use the concept of dose equivalent, which incorporates a quality factor (Q) that accounts for the type of radiation.The formula for calculating dose equivalent is as follows: dose equivalent (in sieverts, Sv) = absorbed dose (in grays, Gy) × quality factor (Q)This equation highlights that the dose equivalent is not just about how much radiation is absorbed, but also about understanding the potential biological damage that could result from that radiation. For example, alpha radiation has a quality factor of 20, while beta radiation typically has a quality factor of 1. This means that if a person receives an absorbed dose of 1 Gy from alpha radiation, the dose equivalent would be 20 Sv, indicating a significantly higher risk of biological harm compared to receiving the same absorbed dose from beta radiation.In practical applications, dose equivalent is used to set safety standards and guidelines for occupational exposure to radiation. Organizations such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommend limits on dose equivalent for workers in radiation-related fields, ensuring that they are not exposed to harmful levels of radiation over time. The recommended annual limit for occupational exposure is typically set at 20 mSv per year, averaged over five years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. Understanding dose equivalent is also vital in medical contexts, particularly in radiology and cancer treatment. When patients undergo diagnostic imaging procedures or radiation therapy, healthcare professionals must consider the dose equivalent to ensure that the benefits of the procedure outweigh the risks associated with radiation exposure. In conclusion, the concept of dose equivalent plays a fundamental role in the assessment and management of radiation exposure. It allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with different types of radiation, guiding safety practices in both occupational and medical settings. As our understanding of radiation and its effects continues to evolve, the importance of accurately measuring and managing dose equivalent will remain a critical aspect of public health and safety.

“剂量当量”这一概念在辐射防护和健康物理学领域至关重要。它是用来评估电离辐射对人体组织生物效应的一个指标。与可以用吸收剂量量化的简单辐射暴露测量不同，“剂量当量”考虑了辐射类型及其造成伤害的潜力。这一点尤为重要，因为不同类型的辐射——如α粒子、β粒子和γ射线——对生物体的影响程度各不相同。要理解“剂量当量”，我们首先需要探讨吸收剂量的概念。吸收剂量定义为单位质量组织中由电离辐射沉积的能量，单位为戈瑞（Gy）。然而，这一测量并不能完全代表不同类型辐射所带来的风险。例如，虽然α粒子可能在组织中沉积一定量的能量，但其生物效应可能比同样量的β粒子或γ射线沉积的能量更具危害性。因此，我们使用“剂量当量”的概念，它结合了一个质量因子（Q），以考虑辐射类型。计算“剂量当量”的公式如下：“剂量当量”（单位为西弗，Sv）= 吸收剂量（单位为戈瑞，Gy）× 质量因子（Q）这个方程强调了“剂量当量”不仅仅是关于吸收了多少辐射，还涉及到理解这些辐射可能造成的生物损伤。例如，α辐射的质量因子为20，而β辐射通常的质量因子为1。这意味着如果一个人从α辐射中接收到1 Gy的吸收剂量，那么“剂量当量”将为20 Sv，表明与从β辐射获得相同吸收剂量相比，生物损伤风险显著更高。在实际应用中，“剂量当量”用于设定辐射职业暴露的安全标准和指导方针。国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）等组织建议限制辐射相关领域工人的“剂量当量”，以确保他们在长期内不会暴露于有害的辐射水平。通常，职业暴露的年度推荐限制设定为每年20 mSv，平均计算五年内不得超过50 mSv。在医学领域，理解“剂量当量”同样至关重要，尤其是在放射学和癌症治疗中。当患者接受诊断成像程序或放射治疗时，医疗专业人员必须考虑“剂量当量”，以确保程序的益处超过辐射暴露带来的风险。总之，“剂量当量”这一概念在辐射暴露的评估和管理中发挥着基础性作用。它使我们能够更全面地理解不同类型辐射相关的潜在风险，从而指导职业和医疗环境中的安全实践。随着我们对辐射及其影响的理解不断发展，准确测量和管理“剂量当量”的重要性将始终是公共健康和安全的关键方面。