dna polymerase

简明释义

dna 聚合酶

英英释义

例句

1.Mutations can occur if DNA polymerase makes errors while copying the DNA.

如果DNA聚合酶在复制DNA时出错，可能会导致突变。

2.Researchers often use DNA polymerase to amplify specific DNA sequences in the lab.

研究人员常常在实验室中使用DNA聚合酶来扩增特定的DNA序列。

3.The accuracy of DNA polymerase is vital for maintaining genetic stability during cell division.

在细胞分裂过程中，DNA聚合酶的准确性对维持基因稳定性至关重要。

4.In the process of DNA replication, DNA polymerase plays a crucial role in synthesizing new strands.

在DNA复制过程中，DNA聚合酶在合成新链中起着关键作用。

5.Thermal cycling in PCR relies on the function of DNA polymerase to replicate DNA.

PCR中的热循环依赖于DNA聚合酶的功能来复制DNA。

作文

DNA replication is a fundamental process that occurs in all living organisms, allowing them to pass on genetic information to their offspring. At the heart of this complex mechanism lies an essential enzyme known as DNA polymerase. This enzyme plays a pivotal role in synthesizing new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides to a growing chain, ensuring that the genetic code is accurately copied during cell division. Understanding the function and significance of DNA polymerase can provide insights into not only the basics of molecular biology but also the intricacies of genetic engineering and biotechnology.The process of DNA replication begins with the unwinding of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. This unwinding creates two single strands that serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands. Here, DNA polymerase comes into play. It recognizes the bases on the template strand and adds complementary nucleotides to form a new strand. For instance, if the template strand has an adenine (A), DNA polymerase will add thymine (T) to the new strand. This base-pairing specificity is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genetic information being replicated.There are several types of DNA polymerase, each with distinct functions. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA replication. In eukaryotes, there are multiple types of DNA polymerase, including DNA polymerase α, δ, and ε, each playing specific roles in DNA synthesis and repair. For example, DNA polymerase δ is primarily involved in lagging strand synthesis, while DNA polymerase ε is more associated with leading strand synthesis. The coordinated action of these enzymes ensures that DNA replication is both accurate and efficient.In addition to its role in replication, DNA polymerase also has proofreading capabilities. As it synthesizes new DNA, it can detect and correct errors that may occur during the process. This proofreading function is vital for preventing mutations, which could lead to various genetic disorders or contribute to the development of cancer. The ability of DNA polymerase to maintain high fidelity during DNA replication underscores its importance in cellular biology.The study of DNA polymerase has significant implications in medicine and biotechnology. For instance, understanding how DNA polymerase functions can aid in the development of antiviral drugs that target viral replication processes. Additionally, DNA polymerase is a critical component in techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is widely used in genetic research, forensic science, and medical diagnostics. PCR relies on the ability of DNA polymerase to amplify specific DNA sequences, making it easier to study genes and their functions.In conclusion, DNA polymerase is an indispensable enzyme that facilitates the replication and repair of DNA in living organisms. Its precise action ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. As we continue to explore the roles of various enzymes like DNA polymerase, we gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin life itself. This knowledge not only enhances our grasp of biology but also opens doors to innovative applications in medicine and biotechnology, demonstrating the far-reaching impact of this remarkable enzyme.

DNA复制是所有生物体中发生的一种基本过程，允许它们将遗传信息传递给后代。在这个复杂机制的核心，是一种称为DNA聚合酶的必需酶。该酶在合成新的DNA链中发挥关键作用，通过向生长链中添加核苷酸，确保遗传密码在细胞分裂过程中被准确复制。理解DNA聚合酶的功能和重要性可以为我们提供关于分子生物学基础以及基因工程和生物技术复杂性的见解。DNA复制的过程始于DNA分子双螺旋结构的解开。这种解开产生两个单链，作为新链合成的模板。在这里，DNA聚合酶发挥了作用。它识别模板链上的碱基，并添加互补的核苷酸以形成新链。例如，如果模板链上有腺嘌呤(A)，则DNA聚合酶会向新链添加胸腺嘧啶(T)。这种碱基配对的特异性对于保持被复制的遗传信息的完整性至关重要。有几种类型的DNA聚合酶，每种都有不同的功能。在原核生物（如细菌）中，DNA聚合酶 III是负责DNA复制的主要酶。在真核生物中，有多种类型的DNA聚合酶，包括DNA聚合酶 α、δ和ε，每种在DNA合成和修复中发挥特定作用。例如，DNA聚合酶 δ主要参与滞后链的合成，而DNA聚合酶 ε则更多与前导链的合成相关。这些酶的协调作用确保了DNA复制的准确性和效率。除了在复制中的作用外，DNA聚合酶还具有校对能力。在合成新DNA时，它能够检测并纠正过程中可能发生的错误。这种校对功能对于防止突变至关重要，突变可能导致各种遗传疾病或促进癌症的发展。DNA聚合酶在DNA复制过程中保持高保真度的能力强调了其在细胞生物学中的重要性。对DNA聚合酶的研究在医学和生物技术中具有重要意义。例如，了解DNA聚合酶的功能可以帮助开发针对病毒复制过程的抗病毒药物。此外，DNA聚合酶是聚合酶链反应(PCR)等技术的关键组成部分，PCR广泛用于基因研究、法医科学和医学诊断。PCR依赖于DNA聚合酶放大特定DNA序列的能力，使得研究基因及其功能变得更加容易。总之，DNA聚合酶是一种不可或缺的酶，促进生物体内DNA的复制和修复。它的精确作用确保了遗传信息从一代传递到下一代。随着我们继续探索各种酶（如DNA聚合酶）的作用，我们对支撑生命本身的分子机制有了更深入的理解。这一知识不仅增强了我们对生物学的掌握，还为医学和生物技术中的创新应用打开了大门，展示了这种非凡酶的深远影响。