dipole molecule

简明释义

偶极分子

英英释义

例句

1.The dipole molecule 偶极分子 has a positive end and a negative end, which influences its physical properties.

偶极分子 dipole molecule具有正极和负极，这影响了它的物理性质。

2.Water is a common example of a dipole molecule 偶极分子 due to its polar covalent bonds.

水是一个常见的偶极分子 dipole molecule，因为它具有极性共价键。

3.Many biological molecules, such as proteins, are dipole molecules 偶极分子 that interact with water.

许多生物分子，比如蛋白质，是与水相互作用的偶极分子 dipole molecules。

4.In chemistry, understanding the behavior of a dipole molecule 偶极分子 is crucial for predicting molecular interactions.

在化学中，理解偶极分子 dipole molecule的行为对于预测分子间的相互作用至关重要。

5.The polarity of a dipole molecule 偶极分子 affects its solubility in different solvents.

偶极分子 dipole molecule的极性影响其在不同溶剂中的溶解度。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, understanding the properties and behaviors of various molecules is crucial. One important concept that often arises is that of a dipole molecule, which refers to a molecule that has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other. This separation of charges creates a dipole moment, indicating that the molecule has polar characteristics. The existence of dipole molecules plays a significant role in many chemical reactions and interactions, particularly in solutions and biological systems. To grasp the significance of dipole molecules, it is essential to understand how they form. A dipole molecule typically arises when there is a difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in a bond. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons. When two atoms with differing electronegativities form a bond, the electron density shifts towards the more electronegative atom, resulting in a partial negative charge on that atom and a corresponding partial positive charge on the other atom. This phenomenon is commonly observed in molecules like water (H₂O), where the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, creating a dipole molecule with distinct charges. The implications of dipole molecules extend beyond mere molecular structure; they significantly influence physical properties such as boiling and melting points. For instance, water, a well-known dipole molecule, exhibits a high boiling point relative to its molecular weight due to the strong intermolecular forces known as hydrogen bonds. These bonds occur between the partially positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules. Such interactions are vital for the unique properties of water, making it essential for life. Moreover, the behavior of dipole molecules in solutions is another area of interest. Polar solvents, like water, tend to dissolve ionic and other polar substances effectively, while nonpolar solvents do not interact well with dipole molecules. This principle underlies the famous saying "like dissolves like," which is fundamental in predicting solubility patterns in chemistry. For example, table salt (sodium chloride) is soluble in water because the polar water molecules can surround and separate the individual sodium and chloride ions, effectively dissolving the salt. In biological systems, dipole molecules are vital for various functions. Many biomolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, possess polar regions that allow them to interact with water and other molecules in their environment. These interactions are crucial for enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and the overall functioning of living organisms. In conclusion, dipole molecules are an essential concept in chemistry that highlights the importance of molecular polarity and its effects on physical properties, solubility, and biological functions. Understanding dipole molecules provides valuable insights into the behavior of substances in different environments, from chemical reactions to the intricate processes of life itself. As we continue to explore the complexities of molecular interactions, the significance of dipole molecules will undoubtedly remain a key topic of study in the field of chemistry.

在化学领域，理解各种分子的性质和行为至关重要。一个经常出现的重要概念是偶极分子，指的是一种在一端具有部分正电荷而在另一端具有部分负电荷的分子。这种电荷的分离产生了偶极矩，表明该分子具有极性特征。偶极分子的存在在许多化学反应和相互作用中发挥着重要作用，尤其是在溶液和生物系统中。要掌握偶极分子的重要性，首先需要了解它们是如何形成的。偶极分子通常出现在参与键合的原子之间存在电负性差异时。电负性是衡量原子吸引电子能力的指标。当两个电负性不同的原子形成化学键时，电子密度会向电负性更强的原子偏移，从而导致该原子带有部分负电荷，而另一个原子则带有相应的部分正电荷。这种现象在水（H₂O）等分子中很常见，其中氧原子的电负性高于氢原子，形成了具有明显电荷的偶极分子。偶极分子的影响不仅仅局限于分子结构，它们显著影响物理性质，如沸点和熔点。例如，水作为一种众所周知的偶极分子，由于强的分子间力（称为氢键），其沸点相对于分子量较高。这些氢键发生在一个水分子的部分正电荷氢原子和邻近水分子的部分负电荷氧原子之间。这种相互作用对水的独特性质至关重要，使其成为生命必需的物质。此外，偶极分子在溶液中的行为也是一个值得关注的领域。极性溶剂，如水，倾向于有效溶解离子和其他极性物质，而非极性溶剂则与偶极分子的相互作用较差。这一原理支持了著名的说法“相似溶解相似”，这是预测化学中溶解模式的基础。例如，食盐（氯化钠）能溶解于水，因为极性水分子可以围绕并分离个别的钠和氯离子，有效地溶解盐。在生物系统中，偶极分子对各种功能至关重要。许多生物分子，包括蛋白质和核酸，具有极性区域，使其能够与水和环境中的其他分子相互作用。这些相互作用对酶活性、细胞信号传导以及生物体的整体功能至关重要。总之，偶极分子是化学中的一个基本概念，突出了分子极性及其对物理性质、溶解性和生物功能的影响。理解偶极分子为我们提供了对不同环境中物质行为的宝贵洞察，从化学反应到生命本身的复杂过程。随着我们继续探索分子相互作用的复杂性，偶极分子的重要性无疑将成为化学领域研究的一个关键主题。