dielectric breakdown

简明释义

介质哗

英英释义

例句

1.The insulation material was tested for dielectric breakdown to ensure safety.

为了确保安全，对绝缘材料进行了介质击穿测试。

2.A dielectric breakdown can occur in air under extreme conditions.

在极端条件下，空气中可能会发生介质击穿。

3.The capacitor failed due to dielectric breakdown, leading to a short circuit.

电容器由于介质击穿而失效，导致短路。

4.During the experiment, we observed dielectric breakdown at voltages exceeding 10 kV.

在实验中，我们观察到在超过10千伏的电压下发生了介质击穿。

5.Engineers must consider dielectric breakdown when designing high-voltage equipment.

工程师在设计高压设备时必须考虑介质击穿。

作文

Dielectric materials are insulators that can be polarized by an electric field. They are widely used in various electrical and electronic applications, from capacitors to insulating layers in cables. However, these materials have their limits, and one of the most critical phenomena that can occur is known as dielectric breakdown. This term refers to the failure of an insulating material to withstand an electric field, leading to a sudden increase in conductivity. When the electric field strength exceeds a certain threshold, the dielectric material can no longer maintain its insulating properties, resulting in a rapid discharge of electricity. This phenomenon can cause significant damage to electrical components and systems, making it essential to understand and mitigate its effects.The process of dielectric breakdown typically begins when the electric field applied to the dielectric material reaches a critical level. At this point, the electrons within the material become excited and can move freely, creating a conductive path. This transition from an insulator to a conductor can happen almost instantaneously, which is why dielectric breakdown is often associated with catastrophic failures in electrical systems. For example, in high-voltage power lines, if the insulation fails due to dielectric breakdown, it can result in arcing, short circuits, and even fires.There are several factors that influence the occurrence of dielectric breakdown. One significant factor is the type of material used. Different dielectrics have varying breakdown voltages, which is the maximum voltage that can be applied before failure occurs. Common dielectric materials include air, oil, and various polymers, each with unique properties that determine their performance under electrical stress. Additionally, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure can also affect the breakdown voltage. For instance, higher temperatures can increase the likelihood of dielectric breakdown by reducing the material's ability to insulate effectively.To prevent dielectric breakdown in electrical systems, engineers must carefully design and select materials that can withstand the expected electric fields. This involves conducting thorough testing and analysis to determine the breakdown voltage of different materials under various conditions. Moreover, safety margins are often incorporated into designs to ensure that the applied voltages remain well below the breakdown threshold. In some cases, protective devices such as surge protectors and circuit breakers are employed to safeguard against unexpected voltage spikes that could lead to dielectric breakdown.In conclusion, understanding dielectric breakdown is crucial for anyone involved in electrical engineering and related fields. This phenomenon can have severe consequences if not properly managed, leading to equipment failure and safety hazards. By selecting appropriate materials, considering environmental factors, and implementing protective measures, engineers can mitigate the risks associated with dielectric breakdown and ensure the reliability and safety of electrical systems. As technology continues to advance, ongoing research into new dielectric materials and their properties will play a vital role in enhancing the performance and durability of electrical components in the future.

电介质材料是可以在电场中极化的绝缘体。它们在各种电气和电子应用中得到广泛使用，从电容器到电缆中的绝缘层。然而，这些材料有其极限，其中一个最关键的现象被称为介质击穿。这个术语指的是绝缘材料无法承受电场，导致导电性突然增加的故障。当施加的电场强度超过某个阈值时，电介质材料就无法再保持其绝缘特性，导致电流的快速放电。这种现象可能对电气组件和系统造成重大损害，因此理解并减轻其影响至关重要。介质击穿的过程通常始于施加到电介质材料上的电场达到临界水平。在这一点上，材料内部的电子变得激发并可以自由移动，从而创建导电路径。这种从绝缘体到导体的转变几乎可以瞬间发生，这就是为什么介质击穿通常与电气系统的灾难性故障相关联。例如，在高压电力线中，如果由于介质击穿而导致绝缘失效，可能会导致电弧、短路甚至火灾。影响介质击穿发生的因素有几个。一个重要因素是所使用材料的类型。不同的电介质具有不同的击穿电压，即在失效发生之前可以施加的最大电压。常见的电介质材料包括空气、油和各种聚合物，每种材料都有独特的性能，决定了它们在电气应力下的表现。此外，环境条件如温度、湿度和压力也会影响击穿电压。例如，较高的温度会通过降低材料有效绝缘的能力来增加介质击穿的可能性。为了防止电气系统中的介质击穿，工程师必须仔细设计和选择能够承受预期电场的材料。这涉及进行彻底的测试和分析，以确定不同材料在各种条件下的击穿电压。此外，设计中通常会纳入安全余量，以确保施加的电压远低于击穿阈值。在某些情况下，还会使用保护装置，如浪涌保护器和断路器，以防止可能导致介质击穿的意外电压尖峰。总之，理解介质击穿对于任何参与电气工程和相关领域的人来说都是至关重要的。如果不妥善管理，这种现象可能会产生严重后果，导致设备故障和安全隐患。通过选择适当的材料、考虑环境因素以及实施保护措施，工程师可以减轻与介质击穿相关的风险，确保电气系统的可靠性和安全性。随着技术的不断进步，对新电介质材料及其性能的持续研究将在未来增强电气组件的性能和耐用性方面发挥重要作用。