atomic radius

简明释义

原子半径

英英释义

例句

1.As you move down a group in the periodic table, the atomic radius tends to increase due to additional electron shells.

当你在周期表中向下移动一个族时，原子半径往往会增加，这是由于增加了电子层。

2.The trend of decreasing atomic radius across a period is due to increasing nuclear charge.

在一个周期内原子半径逐渐减小的趋势是由于核电荷增加。

3.Elements with a small atomic radius typically have higher ionization energies.

具有小原子半径的元素通常具有更高的电离能。

4.The atomic radius can affect the chemical reactivity of an element.

原子半径可以影响元素的化学反应性。

5.The atomic radius of hydrogen is significantly smaller than that of larger elements, making it the smallest atom.

氢的原子半径明显小于较大元素，使其成为最小的原子。

作文

The concept of atomic radius (原子半径) is fundamental in understanding the structure of atoms and their interactions with one another. Atoms, the building blocks of matter, consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. The size of an atom is not defined by a rigid boundary; instead, it is characterized by the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. This distance varies among different elements and can significantly influence the chemical properties of the element.The atomic radius can be defined in several ways, depending on the context in which it is used. One of the most common definitions is the covalent radius, which refers to half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together. Another important measure is the metallic radius, which is relevant for metals and describes the distance between the nuclei of adjacent atoms in a metallic lattice. Additionally, there is the van der Waals radius, which pertains to non-bonded atoms in a molecular structure.Several factors influence the atomic radius. One of the most significant is the number of electron shells. As we move down a group in the periodic table, additional electron shells are added, which increases the atomic radius. For instance, lithium (Li) has a smaller atomic radius than cesium (Cs), despite both being alkali metals. This increase in size is due to the addition of electron shells that are further from the nucleus, resulting in a larger overall size of the atom.Another factor affecting the atomic radius is the effective nuclear charge, which is the net positive charge experienced by the electrons in the outermost shell. As we move across a period from left to right in the periodic table, protons are added to the nucleus while electrons are added to the same energy level. This increase in nuclear charge pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, thereby decreasing the atomic radius. For example, fluorine (F) has a smaller atomic radius than lithium (Li), even though lithium has fewer protons. This trend highlights the importance of effective nuclear charge in determining atomic size.Understanding the implications of atomic radius is crucial in chemistry and material science. The size of an atom influences how it interacts with other atoms, affecting bond lengths and angles in molecules. Smaller atoms tend to form stronger bonds due to their ability to get closer to other nuclei, while larger atoms may form weaker bonds due to increased distance. This principle is vital in predicting the behavior of elements in chemical reactions and in the formation of compounds.In conclusion, the atomic radius (原子半径) is a key concept in atomic theory that provides insight into the size of atoms and their interactions. By understanding the factors that influence atomic size, such as electron shells and effective nuclear charge, we can better predict chemical behavior and the properties of materials. The study of atomic radius not only enhances our comprehension of fundamental chemistry but also has practical applications in fields such as pharmacology, materials science, and nanotechnology. As researchers continue to explore the intricacies of atomic structure, the significance of atomic radius will undoubtedly remain a central theme in the ongoing quest for knowledge in the scientific community.

原子半径的概念在理解原子的结构及其相互作用中是基础性的。原子是物质的构建块，由一个核和围绕其旋转的电子组成。原子的大小并不是由一个固定的边界定义的；相反，它是通过从核到最外层电子壳的距离来表征的。这个距离在不同元素之间变化，并且可以显著影响元素的化学性质。原子半径可以根据使用的上下文以几种方式定义。最常见的定义之一是共价半径，指的是两个相同原子结合在一起时，核之间距离的一半。另一个重要的测量是金属半径，这与金属相关，描述了在金属晶格中相邻原子核之间的距离。此外，还有范德华半径，涉及分子结构中未结合的原子。几个因素影响原子半径。其中一个最重要的因素是电子壳的数量。当我们在周期表中向下移动一个族时，会增加额外的电子壳，这会增加原子半径。例如，锂（Li）的原子半径小于铯（Cs），尽管它们都是碱金属。这种大小的增加是由于增加的电子壳位于更远离核的位置，从而导致原子的整体大小增大。另一个影响原子半径的因素是有效核电荷，即外层电子所感受到的净正电荷。当我们在周期表中从左到右移动一个周期时，核中会增加质子，而电子则添加到同一能级。这种核电荷的增加会将电子拉得更靠近核，从而减少原子半径。例如，氟（F）的原子半径小于锂（Li），尽管锂的质子数较少。这一趋势突显了有效核电荷在决定原子大小中的重要性。理解原子半径的含义在化学和材料科学中至关重要。原子的大小影响它与其他原子的相互作用，影响分子中的键长和角度。较小的原子由于能够更靠近其他核，往往形成更强的键，而较大的原子由于距离增加，可能形成较弱的键。这个原理在预测元素在化学反应中的行为和化合物的形成中至关重要。总之，原子半径是原子理论中的一个关键概念，提供了对原子大小及其相互作用的深入理解。通过理解影响原子大小的因素，如电子壳和有效核电荷，我们可以更好地预测化学行为和材料的性质。研究原子半径不仅增强了我们对基本化学的理解，还在药理学、材料科学和纳米技术等领域具有实际应用。随着研究人员继续探索原子结构的复杂性，原子半径的重要性无疑将继续成为科学界不断追求知识的核心主题。