atomic model

简明释义

原子模型

英英释义

例句

1.Scientists have refined the atomic model 原子模型 over the years to include quantum mechanics.

科学家们多年来不断完善原子模型 atomic model，以包括量子力学。

2.The atomic model 原子模型 developed by Bohr introduced quantized energy levels.

玻尔开发的原子模型 atomic model引入了量子能级的概念。

3.Understanding the atomic model 原子模型 is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of atomic theory.

理解原子模型 atomic model对掌握原子理论的基础至关重要。

4.In high school chemistry class, we learned about the atomic model 原子模型 of Rutherford and its significance.

在高中化学课上，我们学习了拉塞福德的原子模型 atomic model及其重要性。

5.The atomic model 原子模型 proposed by Dalton laid the groundwork for modern chemistry.

道尔顿提出的原子模型 atomic model为现代化学奠定了基础。

作文

The concept of the atomic model has evolved significantly since its inception, shaping our understanding of matter at the most fundamental level. An atomic model is a theoretical representation that describes the structure of an atom, which is the basic unit of chemical elements. The journey of developing the atomic model began with early philosophers like Democritus, who proposed that everything is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that scientists began to formulate more precise models based on experimental evidence.John Dalton was one of the first scientists to propose a formal atomic model in the early 1800s. He suggested that atoms of different elements have distinct weights and combine in specific ratios to form compounds. This was a significant advancement because it laid the groundwork for modern chemistry. Dalton's atomic model depicted atoms as solid spheres, much like billiard balls, which was a simplistic yet groundbreaking idea at the time.As research progressed, the limitations of Dalton's model became evident. In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, leading to the development of the atomic model known as the 'plum pudding model.' This model proposed that atoms are composed of a positively charged 'soup' with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, resembling a plum pudding. Although this model provided a better understanding of atomic structure, it was soon challenged by Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1911.Rutherford's experiment revealed that atoms consist of a dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. This led to the Rutherford atomic model, which introduced the idea of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around it. However, this model still could not explain certain phenomena, such as why electrons did not spiral into the nucleus due to electromagnetic attraction.In response to these challenges, Niels Bohr proposed his atomic model in 1913, which introduced quantized energy levels for electrons. According to Bohr's model, electrons can only occupy specific energy levels or orbits around the nucleus, and they emit or absorb energy when transitioning between these levels. This model successfully explained the spectral lines of hydrogen and marked a significant leap in our understanding of atomic structure.The atomic model continued to evolve with the advent of quantum mechanics in the 20th century. The quantum mechanical model, developed by scientists like Schrödinger and Heisenberg, replaced the notion of fixed orbits with probability distributions, describing where an electron is likely to be found around the nucleus. This model acknowledges the dual wave-particle nature of electrons and emphasizes the uncertainty principle, which states that we cannot precisely know both the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously.In conclusion, the atomic model has undergone numerous transformations throughout history, reflecting the advancements in scientific knowledge and technology. From Dalton's solid spheres to the complex quantum mechanical model, each iteration has brought us closer to understanding the intricate nature of matter. The ongoing exploration of atomic structure continues to inspire new discoveries in physics, chemistry, and materials science, underscoring the importance of the atomic model in the scientific community. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of the universe, the atomic model remains a cornerstone of our understanding of the physical world.

“原子模型”这一概念自其产生以来经历了显著的发展，塑造了我们对物质在最基本层面的理解。“原子模型”是描述原子结构的理论表示，原子是化学元素的基本单位。发展“原子模型”的历程始于像德谟克利特这样的早期哲学家，他提出一切事物都是由称为原子的微小不可分割粒子组成。然而，直到19世纪，科学家们才开始根据实验证据形成更精确的模型。约翰·道尔顿是19世纪初期第一个提出正式“原子模型”的科学家之一。他建议不同元素的原子具有不同的质量，并以特定的比例结合形成化合物。这是一项重要的进展，因为它为现代化学奠定了基础。道尔顿的“原子模型”将原子描绘为固体球体，就像台球一样，这在当时是一个简单但开创性的想法。随着研究的进展，道尔顿模型的局限性变得明显。1897年，J.J.汤姆森发现了电子，导致了被称为“梅子布丁模型”的“原子模型”的发展。该模型提出原子由带正电的“汤”构成，带负电的电子嵌入其中，类似于梅子布丁。尽管这个模型提供了对原子结构的更好理解，但很快被厄尼斯特·卢瑟福在1911年的金箔实验所挑战。卢瑟福的实验揭示了原子由一个密集的原子核和围绕它旋转的电子组成。这导致了卢瑟福“原子模型”的提出，该模型引入了包含质子和中子的中心核，电子在其周围轨道上旋转。然而，这个模型仍然无法解释某些现象，例如为什么电子不因电磁吸引而螺旋进入原子核。为了应对这些挑战，尼尔斯·玻尔在1913年提出了他的“原子模型”，该模型引入了电子的量子能级。根据玻尔的模型，电子只能占据围绕原子核的特定能级或轨道，当它们在这些能级之间转换时会发出或吸收能量。这个模型成功地解释了氢的光谱线，并标志着我们对原子结构理解的重大飞跃。随着20世纪量子力学的出现，“原子模型”继续演变。由薛定谔和海森堡等科学家发展起来的量子力学模型用概率分布取代了固定轨道，描述了电子在原子核周围可能出现的位置。该模型承认电子的波粒二象性，并强调不确定性原理，即我们不能同时精确知道电子的位置和动量。总之，“原子模型”在历史上经历了多次转变，反映了科学知识和技术的进步。从道尔顿的固体球体到复杂的量子力学模型，每一次迭代都使我们更接近理解物质的复杂性质。对原子结构的持续探索继续激发物理学、化学和材料科学的新发现，强调了“原子模型”在科学界的重要性。随着我们深入探索宇宙的奥秘，“原子模型”仍然是我们理解物质世界的基石。