amide chloride

简明释义

二氯代酰胺

英英释义

例句

1.When preparing amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物, it is important to handle them under an inert atmosphere.

在制备amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物时，重要的是在惰性气氛下处理它们。

2.The synthesis of peptides often involves the use of amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物 as coupling reagents.

肽的合成通常涉及使用amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物作为偶联试剂。

3.In organic chemistry, the reaction of a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride produces an amide chloride 酰胺氯化物.

在有机化学中，羧酸与亚硫酰氯的反应生成一种amide chloride 酰胺氯化物。

4.In the laboratory, we used amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物 to create various synthetic compounds.

在实验室中，我们使用amide chlorides 酰胺氯化物来合成各种化合物。

5.The reaction of an amine with an acid chloride yields an amide chloride 酰胺氯化物 as an intermediate.

胺与酸氯化物的反应生成amide chloride 酰胺氯化物作为中间体。

作文

In the world of organic chemistry, various functional groups play crucial roles in determining the properties and reactivity of compounds. One such important functional group is the amide group, which is characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to a nitrogen atom (N). When we discuss amides, it is essential to also consider their derivatives, one of which is the amide chloride. An amide chloride (酰氯) is formed when the hydroxyl (-OH) group of an amide is replaced by a chlorine atom. This transformation not only alters the chemical properties of the compound but also enhances its reactivity, making amide chlorides valuable intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry.The synthesis of amide chlorides can typically be achieved through the reaction of an amide with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2). These reagents facilitate the conversion of the amide into an amide chloride, releasing byproducts such as sulfur dioxide or carbon monoxide, respectively. The resulting amide chloride can then be utilized in various chemical reactions, including acylation and the formation of other functional groups.One of the significant applications of amide chlorides is in the preparation of esters and other acyl derivatives. For instance, when an amide chloride reacts with an alcohol, it can produce an ester through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This reaction is particularly useful in the synthesis of complex molecules in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, where specific functional groups are required for biological activity.Moreover, amide chlorides can also serve as effective acylating agents. The presence of the chlorine atom enhances the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This property allows chemists to introduce acyl groups into a variety of substrates, thereby expanding the diversity of chemical compounds that can be synthesized. For example, the reaction of an amide chloride with an amine can yield a new amide, showcasing the versatility of this functional group.Despite their utility, working with amide chlorides requires caution due to their reactive nature. They can hydrolyze in the presence of water, reverting back to the corresponding amide and hydrochloric acid. This property necessitates careful handling and storage conditions to ensure stability and prevent unwanted side reactions. Additionally, safety precautions should be taken when using reagents like thionyl chloride, as they can be hazardous.In conclusion, the study of amide chlorides opens up numerous possibilities in the field of organic synthesis. Their ability to act as versatile intermediates allows chemists to create a wide array of compounds with varied functionalities. Understanding the properties and reactions involving amide chlorides is essential for anyone looking to delve deeper into organic chemistry and contribute to advancements in pharmaceutical and material sciences. As research continues to evolve, the role of amide chlorides in innovative synthetic strategies will undoubtedly expand, making them a topic of ongoing interest in the scientific community.

在有机化学的世界中，各种功能团在决定化合物的性质和反应性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。其中一个重要的功能团是酰胺基，它的特点是羰基（C=O）与氮原子（N）相邻。当我们讨论酰胺时，考虑它的衍生物也很重要，其中之一就是酰氯。酰氯（amide chloride）是指当酰胺的羟基（-OH）被氯原子取代时形成的化合物。这一转化不仅改变了化合物的化学性质，还增强了其反应性，使得酰氯成为合成有机化学中有价值的中间体。酰氯的合成通常可以通过酰胺与氯化亚硫酰（SOCl2）或氯化氧酰（(COCl)2）反应来实现。这些试剂促进了酰胺向酰氯的转化，并释放出二氧化硫或一氧化碳等副产物。生成的酰氯随后可以用于各种化学反应，包括酰基化以及其他功能团的形成。酰氯的重要应用之一是在酯和其他酰基衍生物的制备中。例如，当酰氯与醇反应时，可以通过亲核取代反应生成酯。这一反应在制药和农用化学品的合成中尤为有用，因为这些领域需要特定的功能团以实现生物活性。此外，酰氯还可以作为有效的酰基化试剂。氯原子的存在增强了羰基碳的亲电性，使其更容易受到亲核试剂的攻击。这一特性使化学家能够将酰基引入多种底物，从而扩展可合成的化合物的多样性。例如，酰氯与胺的反应可以生成新的酰胺，展示了这一功能团的多样性。尽管酰氯具有实用性，但由于其反应性，在使用时需要谨慎。它们在水的存在下会水解，重新转化为相应的酰胺和盐酸。这一特性要求小心处理和存储条件，以确保稳定性并防止不必要的副反应。此外，使用氯化亚硫酰等试剂时，应采取安全预防措施，因为它们可能是危险的。总之，研究酰氯为有机合成领域开辟了众多可能性。它们作为多功能中间体的能力使化学家能够创造出具有多种功能的化合物。理解涉及酰氯的性质和反应对于任何希望深入研究有机化学并为制药和材料科学的进步做出贡献的人来说都是至关重要的。随着研究的不断发展，酰氯在创新合成策略中的作用无疑将扩大，使其成为科学界持续关注的话题。