alkylating agent

简明释义

烷化剂

英英释义

例句

1.Research shows that alkylating agents can be effective in treating various types of leukemia.

研究表明，烷基化剂在治疗多种类型的白血病方面可能有效。

2.The side effects of alkylating agents can include nausea and hair loss.

使用烷基化剂的副作用可能包括恶心和脱发。

3.In chemotherapy, alkylating agents are commonly used to prevent cell division.

在化疗中，烷基化剂通常用于防止细胞分裂。

4.Some patients may have an allergic reaction to certain alkylating agents.

一些患者可能对某些烷基化剂产生过敏反应。

5.The doctor prescribed a treatment that includes an alkylating agent to target the cancer cells.

医生开了一种包含烷基化剂的治疗方案，以针对癌细胞。

作文

In the realm of medicinal chemistry, the term alkylating agent refers to a class of compounds that have the ability to add alkyl groups to DNA and other critical biomolecules. These agents play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, particularly in chemotherapy, where they are used to disrupt the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. The mechanism by which alkylating agents operate is primarily through the formation of covalent bonds with DNA, leading to cross-linking and ultimately causing cell death. This process is vital in targeting rapidly dividing cells, which is a characteristic of many tumors.The history of alkylating agents dates back to the discovery of mustard gas during World War I, which was later found to possess anticancer properties. This discovery paved the way for the development of synthetic versions that are more effective and less harmful than their natural counterparts. Common examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, busulfan, and nitrosoureas, each of which has distinct applications and side effects.One significant aspect of alkylating agents is their ability to induce mutations. While this property can be leveraged to kill cancer cells, it also raises concerns about the potential for secondary malignancies. Patients who undergo treatment with these agents may face an increased risk of developing new cancers years after their initial treatment. This paradox highlights the importance of careful patient selection and monitoring in the use of alkylating agents.Moreover, the effectiveness of alkylating agents can be influenced by the genetic makeup of both the patient and the tumor. Some tumors may develop resistance to these agents, which can complicate treatment regimens. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this resistance is an ongoing area of research, as scientists strive to enhance the efficacy of alkylating agents and reduce their associated risks.In conclusion, alkylating agents represent a crucial tool in the arsenal against cancer. Their ability to target and destroy rapidly dividing cells makes them invaluable in chemotherapy. However, the potential for long-term side effects and the development of resistance necessitate a nuanced approach to their use. Ongoing research and advancements in personalized medicine hold promise for optimizing the application of alkylating agents in cancer treatment, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and safest therapies available.

在药物化学领域，术语烷基化剂指的是一类能够将烷基基团添加到DNA和其他关键生物分子上的化合物。这些剂在癌症治疗中发挥着关键作用，尤其是在化疗中，它们被用来干扰癌细胞的生长和增殖。烷基化剂的作用机制主要是通过与DNA形成共价键，从而导致交联并最终引起细胞死亡。这个过程对于针对快速分裂的细胞至关重要，而快速分裂细胞是许多肿瘤的特征。烷基化剂的历史可以追溯到第一次世界大战期间对芥子气的发现，后者被发现具有抗癌特性。这一发现为合成版本的开发铺平了道路，这些合成版本比其天然对应物更有效且危害更小。常见的烷基化剂包括环磷酰胺、布斯尔法和硝基脲类，每种都有不同的应用和副作用。烷基化剂的一个重要方面是它们诱导突变的能力。虽然这一特性可以被利用来杀死癌细胞，但也引发了对二次恶性肿瘤潜在风险的担忧。接受这些剂治疗的患者可能面临在初次治疗多年后发展出新癌症的风险。这一悖论突显了在使用烷基化剂时仔细选择患者和监测的重要性。此外，烷基化剂的有效性可能会受到患者和肿瘤遗传构成的影响。一些肿瘤可能会对这些剂产生耐药性，这可能会使治疗方案复杂化。理解这种耐药性的分子机制是一个持续的研究领域，科学家们努力增强烷基化剂的效力，并减少其相关风险。总之，烷基化剂代表了对抗癌症的重要工具。它们针对并摧毁快速分裂细胞的能力使它们在化疗中不可或缺。然而，长期副作用的潜在性和耐药性的发生需要对其使用采取细致入微的方法。持续的研究和个性化医学的进步为优化烷基化剂在癌症治疗中的应用提供了希望，以确保患者获得最有效和最安全的治疗。