addition reaction

简明释义

加成反应

英英释义

例句

1.In organic chemistry, an addition reaction 加成反应 occurs when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule.

在有机化学中，加成反应 addition reaction 是指两个或多个分子结合形成一个更大的分子的过程。

2.The hydrogenation of alkenes is a common example of an addition reaction 加成反应 where hydrogen gas is added across the double bond.

烯烃的氢化是一个常见的加成反应 addition reaction，其中氢气被添加到双键上。

3.The reaction of an alkene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst is an example of a hydration addition reaction 加成反应.

烯烃与水在酸催化剂存在下的反应是水合加成反应 addition reaction 的一个例子。

4.In polymer chemistry, the formation of polymers through addition reactions 加成反应 is a key process.

在聚合物化学中，通过加成反应 addition reactions 形成聚合物是一个关键过程。

5.An addition reaction 加成反应 can be used to convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats.

可以使用加成反应 addition reaction 将不饱和脂肪转化为饱和脂肪。

作文

In the fascinating world of chemistry, various types of reactions help us understand how substances interact with one another. One significant category of these reactions is the addition reaction, which plays a crucial role in organic chemistry. An addition reaction is defined as a process where two or more molecules combine to form a single product. This type of reaction is particularly important because it allows for the formation of larger and more complex molecules from simpler ones. For example, when alkenes react with halogens, they undergo an addition reaction that results in the formation of dihaloalkanes. This transformation is vital in the synthesis of various chemical compounds used in everyday products.The mechanism behind an addition reaction often involves the breaking of double or triple bonds in the reactants, allowing new bonds to form. Take ethene (C2H4) as an example; it contains a double bond between its carbon atoms. When ethene reacts with bromine (Br2), the double bond is broken, and bromine atoms are added across the former double bond, resulting in 1,2-dibromoethane. This type of reaction showcases how simple hydrocarbons can be transformed into more intricate structures through the process of addition.Moreover, addition reactions are not limited to just alkenes and alkynes. They can also occur with other functional groups. For instance, carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. In this case, a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the carbonyl group, leading to the formation of an alcohol after further reactions. This is a fundamental reaction in organic synthesis, allowing chemists to create a wide range of alcohols that serve as essential intermediates in pharmaceuticals and other chemical industries.Understanding addition reactions is also critical in the context of polymer chemistry. Many polymers are synthesized through addition reactions, where monomers with unsaturated bonds link together to form long-chain molecules. For example, the production of polyethylene, one of the most widely used plastics, involves the addition reaction of ethylene monomers. This highlights the importance of addition reactions not only in laboratory settings but also in industrial applications.In conclusion, the concept of addition reactions is fundamental in the study of chemistry. These reactions facilitate the formation of new compounds, contribute to the development of materials, and enhance our understanding of molecular interactions. By studying addition reactions, chemists can unlock the potential of simple molecules and transform them into valuable products that impact our daily lives. The versatility and significance of addition reactions cannot be overstated, as they continue to play a pivotal role in advancing both academic research and practical applications in various fields of science.

在化学的迷人世界中，各种类型的反应帮助我们理解物质之间是如何相互作用的。其中一个重要类别是加成反应，它在有机化学中发挥着至关重要的作用。加成反应被定义为两个或多个分子结合形成单一产物的过程。这种反应类型尤其重要，因为它允许从更简单的物质形成更大和更复杂的分子。例如，当烯烃与卤素反应时，它们会经历加成反应，形成二卤代烷。这一转变在合成日常产品中使用的各种化合物中至关重要。加成反应背后的机制通常涉及到反应物中双键或三键的断裂，从而允许新键的形成。以乙烯（C2H4）为例；它的碳原子之间含有一个双键。当乙烯与溴（Br2）反应时，双键被打破，溴原子被添加到前双键的两侧，形成1,2-二溴乙烷。这种反应展示了简单烃如何通过加成反应转变为更复杂的结构。此外，加成反应不仅限于烯烃和炔烃。它们也可以发生在其他官能团上。例如，羰基化合物如醛和酮可以经历亲核加成反应。在这种情况下，亲核试剂攻击羰基中的电负性碳原子，经过进一步反应后形成醇。这是一种有机合成中的基本反应，使化学家能够创造出广泛的醇，这些醇作为制药和其他化学工业中的重要中间体。理解加成反应在聚合物化学的背景下也至关重要。许多聚合物是通过加成反应合成的，其中具有不饱和键的单体连接形成长链分子。例如，聚乙烯的生产就是涉及乙烯单体的加成反应。这突显了加成反应的重要性，不仅在实验室环境中，而且在工业应用中。总之，加成反应的概念在化学研究中是基础性的。这些反应促进了新化合物的形成，为材料的发展做出了贡献，并增强了我们对分子相互作用的理解。通过研究加成反应，化学家可以解锁简单分子的潜力，并将其转变为影响我们日常生活的有价值的产品。加成反应的多样性和重要性不容小觑，因为它们在推动学术研究和各个科学领域的实际应用中继续发挥着关键作用。