acyl group

简明释义

酰基

英英释义

例句

1.The reaction involves the addition of an acyl group to the substrate, resulting in a more complex molecule.

该反应涉及将一个酰基添加到底物上，从而生成一个更复杂的分子。

2.In organic chemistry, the presence of an acyl group can significantly alter the reactivity of a compound.

在有机化学中，酰基的存在可以显著改变化合物的反应性。

3.The acyl group in fatty acids is responsible for their hydrophobic properties.

脂肪酸中的酰基负责其疏水特性。

4.The synthesis of esters often begins with the formation of an acyl group from a carboxylic acid.

酯的合成通常始于从羧酸形成酰基。

5.Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group are crucial in metabolic pathways.

催化酰基转移的酶在代谢途径中至关重要。

作文

In the realm of organic chemistry, understanding functional groups is crucial for grasping the behavior and reactivity of various compounds. One such important functional group is the acyl group (酰基), which plays a significant role in numerous chemical reactions and the synthesis of various organic molecules. An acyl group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) directly attached to a hydrocarbon chain or another substituent. This structure allows the acyl group to participate in a wide range of chemical transformations, making it a fundamental component in the study of organic chemistry.The presence of the acyl group in a molecule often influences its properties and reactivity. For instance, when an acyl group is attached to a nucleophile, it can lead to the formation of esters or amides through nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. These reactions are vital in the synthesis of many natural products and pharmaceuticals, highlighting the importance of the acyl group in medicinal chemistry.Additionally, the acyl group can be derived from various carboxylic acids by removing the hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in a reactive species that can easily engage in further chemical reactions. This derivation process is essential for creating acyl chlorides, anhydrides, and other derivatives that find applications in organic synthesis. The versatility of the acyl group allows chemists to manipulate molecular structures to achieve desired functionalities.Moreover, the acyl group is not only limited to simple aliphatic chains; it can also be part of more complex aromatic systems. The introduction of an acyl group into an aromatic compound can significantly alter its electronic properties and reactivity. For example, the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is a well-known method for introducing an acyl group onto an aromatic ring, leading to the formation of ketones that are valuable intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry.In biological systems, acyl groups are found in various biomolecules, including lipids and proteins. For instance, fatty acids contain long-chain acyl groups that are essential for forming cell membranes and storing energy. The enzymatic processes that involve acyl groups are crucial for metabolic pathways, illustrating their significance beyond mere chemical reactions.In conclusion, the acyl group (酰基) is a fundamental building block in organic chemistry that facilitates a multitude of reactions and transformations. Its unique structure allows it to participate in diverse chemical processes, making it indispensable in both synthetic and biological contexts. By understanding the nature and behavior of the acyl group, chemists can better design and synthesize new compounds, paving the way for advancements in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and biochemistry.