acid halide

简明释义

酸性卤化物

英英释义

例句

1.The reaction of an alcohol with an acid halide 酸卤化物 produces an ester and hydrogen halide.

醇与一个酸卤化物 酸卤化物 的反应生成酯和氢卤酸。

2.An acid halide 酸卤化物 can be formed by reacting a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

通过将羧酸与亚硫酰氯反应，可以形成酸卤化物 酸卤化物 。

3.When preparing acyl chlorides, the acid halide 酸卤化物 must be handled under an inert atmosphere.

在制备酰氯时，酸卤化物 酸卤化物 必须在惰性气氛下操作。

4.In organic chemistry, an acid halide 酸卤化物 is often used to synthesize esters.

在有机化学中，酸卤化物 酸卤化物 常用于合成酯。

5.The reactivity of an acid halide 酸卤化物 makes it a key intermediate in many synthetic pathways.

由于其反应性，酸卤化物 酸卤化物 是许多合成途径中的关键中间体。

作文

In the realm of organic chemistry, various compounds play crucial roles in the synthesis of more complex molecules. One such compound is the acid halide, which is known for its reactivity and versatility in chemical reactions. An acid halide (酸卤化物) is a type of carboxylic acid derivative formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of the acid with a halogen atom. This transformation results in a compound that is significantly more reactive than its parent acid, making it an essential building block in organic synthesis.The general formula for an acid halide is RCOX, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group, and X is a halogen (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine). The most commonly encountered acid halides are acyl chlorides, which are derived from carboxylic acids by substituting the hydroxyl (-OH) group with a chlorine atom. For example, when acetic acid (CH3COOH) reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl2), it produces acetyl chloride (CH3COCl), a widely used acid halide in organic reactions.One of the primary reasons chemists favor acid halides is their ability to undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. In these reactions, a nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide, leading to the formation of various products. For instance, when an acid halide reacts with alcohol, it yields an ester, while reaction with amines produces an amide. These transformations are not only fundamental in organic chemistry but also serve as essential steps in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals.Another important characteristic of acid halides is their ability to react with water, resulting in the regeneration of the corresponding carboxylic acid. This hydrolysis reaction is often used in laboratory settings to demonstrate the reactivity of acid halides. For example, when benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl) is treated with water, it forms benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). This reaction highlights the strong electrophilic nature of acid halides due to the presence of the electron-withdrawing carbonyl group, which makes the carbon atom more susceptible to nucleophilic attack.Despite their usefulness, working with acid halides requires caution, as they can be corrosive and pose health risks. Proper safety measures, such as using gloves, goggles, and working in a fume hood, should always be observed. Additionally, the handling of acid halides should be conducted in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhalation of harmful vapors.In conclusion, acid halides (酸卤化物) are invaluable compounds in organic chemistry, offering a pathway to synthesize a wide array of functional groups. Their high reactivity and ability to participate in nucleophilic acyl substitution make them essential tools for chemists. As we continue to explore the vast world of organic synthesis, understanding the role and behavior of acid halides will undoubtedly enhance our ability to create complex molecules that are vital for various applications in science and industry.