absolute configuration

简明释义

绝对构型

英英释义

例句

1.By using a specific set of rules, scientists can assign an absolute configuration 绝对构型 to each stereocenter in a molecule.

通过使用一套特定的规则，科学家可以为分子中的每个立体中心分配绝对构型。

2.Understanding the absolute configuration 绝对构型 is crucial for predicting the behavior of chiral compounds.

理解绝对构型对于预测手性化合物的行为至关重要。

3.The absolute configuration 绝对构型 helps in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds.

在合成对映体纯化合物时，绝对构型帮助很大。

4.The absolute configuration 绝对构型 can influence the pharmacological properties of drugs.

药物的绝对构型可能影响其药理特性。

5.The chemist determined the absolute configuration 绝对构型 of the molecule using X-ray crystallography.

化学家使用X射线晶体学确定了分子的绝对构型。

作文

In the field of chemistry, particularly in stereochemistry, the term absolute configuration refers to the precise spatial arrangement of atoms within a chiral molecule. Understanding the absolute configuration is crucial for chemists because it determines how a molecule interacts with biological systems and other chemical substances. Chiral molecules, which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, can have vastly different properties despite having the same molecular formula. Therefore, identifying the absolute configuration of these molecules is essential for drug development and synthesis.To illustrate this concept, consider the example of thalidomide, a drug that was once used as a sedative and later prescribed to pregnant women. Thalidomide exists as two enantiomers, each with a different absolute configuration. One enantiomer was effective in treating nausea, while the other caused severe birth defects. This unfortunate incident highlights the importance of understanding the absolute configuration in medicinal chemistry. If chemists had been more aware of the differences between the two enantiomers, they might have been able to prevent the tragic consequences associated with the drug.The determination of absolute configuration can be achieved through various methods, including X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography allows scientists to analyze the three-dimensional structure of a molecule by observing how X-rays scatter off its crystal lattice. This technique can provide definitive information about the absolute configuration of a compound. On the other hand, NMR spectroscopy can offer insights into the arrangement of atoms in a molecule based on their magnetic properties when exposed to a magnetic field.Moreover, the significance of absolute configuration extends beyond the realm of chemistry. In biochemistry, for instance, the absolute configuration of amino acids influences protein structure and function. Proteins are composed of amino acids that are linked together in specific sequences. The absolute configuration of these amino acids determines how they fold into complex three-dimensional shapes, which are critical for their biological activity. Any alteration in the absolute configuration can lead to dysfunctional proteins, resulting in various diseases.In conclusion, the concept of absolute configuration is fundamental to the understanding of molecular interactions in both chemistry and biochemistry. It plays a pivotal role in drug development, where the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical compounds hinge on their absolute configuration. As research continues to advance, the ability to determine and manipulate the absolute configuration of molecules will undoubtedly lead to significant breakthroughs in science and medicine. Thus, mastering the concept of absolute configuration is not only beneficial for chemists but also for anyone interested in the intricate world of molecular biology and pharmacology.

在化学领域，特别是立体化学中，术语绝对构型指的是手性分子中原子的精确空间排列。理解绝对构型对于化学家至关重要，因为它决定了分子如何与生物系统和其他化学物质相互作用。手性分子是彼此不可叠加的镜像，尽管具有相同的分子式，但可能具有截然不同的性质。因此，识别这些分子的绝对构型对于药物开发和合成至关重要。为了说明这一概念，可以考虑沙利度胺的例子，这是一种曾用于镇静的药物，后来被开给孕妇。沙利度胺存在两种对映异构体，每种具有不同的绝对构型。一种对映异构体在治疗恶心方面有效，而另一种则导致严重的出生缺陷。这一不幸事件突显了在药物化学中理解绝对构型的重要性。如果化学家们对这两种对映异构体之间的差异更加了解，他们可能能够防止与该药物相关的悲惨后果。绝对构型的确定可以通过多种方法实现，包括X射线晶体学和核磁共振（NMR）光谱学。X射线晶体学允许科学家通过观察X射线如何散射其晶体晶格来分析分子的三维结构。这种技术可以提供关于化合物绝对构型的确切信息。另一方面，NMR光谱学可以根据原子在磁场中暴露时的磁性特性提供有关分子中原子排列的见解。此外，绝对构型的重要性超出了化学领域。在生物化学中，例如，氨基酸的绝对构型影响蛋白质的结构和功能。蛋白质由以特定序列连接在一起的氨基酸组成。这些氨基酸的绝对构型决定了它们如何折叠成复杂的三维形状，而这些形状对于它们的生物活性至关重要。任何对绝对构型的改变都可能导致功能失常的蛋白质，从而导致各种疾病。总之，绝对构型的概念是理解化学和生物化学中分子相互作用的基础。它在药物开发中发挥着关键作用，药物化合物的有效性和安全性取决于它们的绝对构型。随着研究的不断进展，确定和操纵分子的绝对构型的能力无疑将导致科学和医学领域的重大突破。因此，掌握绝对构型的概念不仅对化学家有益，对任何对分子生物学和药理学复杂世界感兴趣的人来说也是如此。