thermodynamic equilibrium

简明释义

热力平衡

英英释义

例句

1.When two systems at different temperatures come into contact, they will reach thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡） after some time.

当两个不同温度的系统接触时，它们将在一段时间后达到thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

2.For a phase transition to occur, the system must pass through thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

为了发生相变，系统必须经过thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

3.In thermodynamics, we often analyze systems that are either in or approaching thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

在热力学中，我们经常分析处于或接近thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）状态的系统.

4.In a closed system, when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout, the system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

在一个封闭系统中，当温度和压力在整个系统中均匀时，系统被称为处于thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）.

5.The concept of thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡） is crucial for understanding chemical reactions at constant temperature.

理解恒温下的化学反应时，thermodynamic equilibrium（热力学平衡）的概念至关重要.

作文

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. One of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics is thermodynamic equilibrium, which refers to a state in which a system's macroscopic properties remain constant over time. In simpler terms, when a system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, there are no net changes occurring within the system; it is in a stable condition where all driving forces are balanced. This concept is crucial in various fields, including chemistry, physics, and engineering, as it helps us understand how energy is transferred and transformed.To better grasp the idea of thermodynamic equilibrium, consider a simple example involving a sealed container filled with gas. If the gas is initially heated, it will expand, and the pressure inside the container will increase. However, over time, the gas will reach a point where its temperature, pressure, and volume become stable. At this stage, the gas is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. The energy being transferred through heat is balanced by the energy associated with the work done by the gas, resulting in no further changes in the system.The concept of thermodynamic equilibrium can also be illustrated in chemical reactions. In a reversible reaction, reactants are converted into products, and vice versa. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions become equal, the system reaches a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. At this point, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant, even though the reactions continue to occur at the molecular level. This dynamic balance is essential for understanding reaction kinetics and the principles of chemical equilibrium.In real-world applications, achieving thermodynamic equilibrium is vital in many industrial processes. For instance, in the production of ammonia through the Haber process, the reaction conditions must be carefully controlled to maintain the desired equilibrium between nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. If the system is not at thermodynamic equilibrium, the efficiency of the reaction may decrease, leading to increased costs and wasted resources.Moreover, the study of thermodynamic equilibrium extends beyond gases and chemical reactions. It is applicable to various systems, including phase transitions in materials. For example, when ice melts into water, it undergoes a phase change. At the melting point, the solid and liquid phases coexist in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Understanding this equilibrium is essential in fields such as material science, where the properties of materials can be manipulated by controlling their thermal environments.In conclusion, thermodynamic equilibrium is a key concept in thermodynamics that describes a stable state of a system where macroscopic properties are constant over time. Whether in the context of gases, chemical reactions, or phase transitions, understanding thermodynamic equilibrium allows scientists and engineers to predict and control the behavior of various systems effectively. As we continue to explore the intricacies of energy transfer and transformation, the principles of thermodynamic equilibrium will remain foundational in advancing our knowledge and technology.

热力学是研究热与其他形式能量之间关系的物理学分支。热力学中的一个基本概念是热力学平衡，它指的是系统的宏观性质随时间保持不变的状态。简单来说，当一个系统处于热力学平衡时，系统内部没有净变化发生；它处于一种稳定状态，所有驱动力都达到了平衡。这个概念在化学、物理和工程等多个领域中至关重要，因为它帮助我们理解能量是如何转移和转化的。为了更好地理解热力学平衡的概念，可以考虑一个简单的例子：一个装满气体的密闭容器。如果气体最初被加热，它将膨胀，容器内的压力将增加。然而，随着时间的推移，气体会达到一个温度、压力和体积稳定的点。在这个阶段，气体被称为处于热力学平衡。通过热量传递的能量与气体所做的功相平衡，导致系统内不再发生进一步的变化。热力学平衡的概念也可以在化学反应中得到说明。在可逆反应中，反应物被转化为产物，反之亦然。当正向和反向反应的速率相等时，系统达到热力学平衡。在这一点上，反应物和产物的浓度保持不变，尽管在分子层面上反应仍在继续发生。这种动态平衡对于理解反应动力学和化学平衡原理至关重要。在现实应用中，达到热力学平衡在许多工业过程中是至关重要的。例如，在通过哈伯法生产氨的过程中，必须仔细控制反应条件以维持氮、氢和氨之间的期望平衡。如果系统不处于热力学平衡，反应的效率可能会降低，导致成本增加和资源浪费。此外，热力学平衡的研究超越了气体和化学反应。它适用于各种系统，包括材料中的相变。例如，当冰融化成水时，它经历了相变。在熔点时，固态和液态相共存于热力学平衡状态。理解这种平衡在材料科学等领域中至关重要，在这些领域中，通过控制热环境可以操纵材料的性质。总之，热力学平衡是热力学中的一个关键概念，描述了系统的稳定状态，其中宏观性质随时间保持不变。无论是在气体、化学反应还是相变的背景下，理解热力学平衡使科学家和工程师能够有效预测和控制各种系统的行为。随着我们继续探索能量转移和转化的复杂性，热力学平衡的原理将始终是推动我们知识和技术进步的基础。