thermal neutron

简明释义

热中子

英英释义

例句

1.To achieve efficient neutron capture, materials must be designed to interact well with thermal neutrons.

为了实现有效的中子捕获，材料必须设计成能够与热中子良好相互作用。

2.The presence of thermal neutrons increases the likelihood of fission in certain isotopes.

在某些同位素中，热中子的存在增加了裂变的可能性。

3.In nuclear reactors, thermal neutrons are crucial for sustaining the chain reaction.

在核反应堆中，热中子对维持链式反应至关重要。

4.Many neutron detectors are sensitive to thermal neutrons due to their low energy.

许多中子探测器对热中子非常敏感，因为它们的能量较低。

5.A thermal neutron is a neutron that has been slowed down to thermal energies, making it more likely to interact with atomic nuclei.

一个热中子是指已经减速到热能的中子，这使得它更可能与原子核发生相互作用。

作文

In the field of nuclear physics, understanding the behavior of particles is crucial for various applications, including nuclear reactors and medical treatments. One important type of particle is the thermal neutron, which plays a significant role in these processes. A thermal neutron is defined as a neutron that has reached thermal equilibrium with its surrounding medium, typically at room temperature. This means that its kinetic energy is comparable to that of the surrounding molecules, resulting in a lower velocity than fast neutrons. The significance of thermal neutrons lies in their ability to interact with atomic nuclei in a more effective manner compared to their faster counterparts.The interaction of thermal neutrons with matter is particularly important in nuclear fission reactions. In a nuclear reactor, thermal neutrons are produced when fast neutrons collide with moderators, such as water or graphite, which slow them down. Once slowed, these thermal neutrons can be captured by fissile materials like uranium-235 or plutonium-239, leading to a chain reaction that releases a significant amount of energy. This process is fundamental to the operation of nuclear power plants, where controlled fission reactions generate electricity.Moreover, thermal neutrons have applications beyond energy generation. They are also utilized in neutron activation analysis, a technique used to determine the composition of materials. By bombarding a sample with thermal neutrons, elements within the sample can be transformed into radioactive isotopes, allowing scientists to analyze the sample's composition based on the emitted radiation. This method is widely used in fields such as archaeology, geology, and environmental science.In addition to their practical applications, thermal neutrons are also of great interest in scientific research. For example, researchers utilize thermal neutrons in neutron scattering experiments to study the structure of materials at the atomic level. By observing how thermal neutrons scatter off a sample, scientists can infer information about the arrangement of atoms and the dynamics of molecular movements. This technique has provided valuable insights into various fields, including condensed matter physics, biology, and chemistry.Despite their utility, working with thermal neutrons requires careful consideration of safety protocols. Neutrons are uncharged particles, which makes them less likely to ionize matter directly. However, their interactions can lead to secondary radiation, which poses risks to human health. Therefore, facilities that handle thermal neutrons must implement stringent safety measures to protect workers and the environment.In conclusion, thermal neutrons are an essential component of nuclear physics, with numerous applications in energy production, scientific research, and material analysis. Their unique properties allow them to interact effectively with matter, making them invaluable in both practical and theoretical contexts. As we continue to explore the potential of thermal neutrons, it is crucial to balance their benefits with the necessary safety precautions to ensure responsible usage in various domains.

在核物理领域，理解粒子的行为对于核反应堆和医疗治疗等各种应用至关重要。一个重要的粒子类型是热中子，它在这些过程中发挥着重要作用。热中子被定义为与其周围介质达到热平衡的中子，通常在室温下。这意味着它的动能与周围分子的动能相当，因此其速度比快速中子低。热中子的重要性在于它们能够以更有效的方式与原子核相互作用，相较于更快的中子。热中子与物质的相互作用在核裂变反应中尤为重要。在核反应堆中，当快速中子与减速剂（如水或石墨）碰撞时，会产生热中子，这些中子会减速。一旦减速，这些热中子可以被铀-235或钚-239等可裂变材料捕获，导致释放大量能量的链式反应。这一过程是核电站运行的基础，受控的裂变反应生成电力。此外，热中子不仅在能源生产中有应用。它们还用于中子激活分析，这是一种用于确定材料成分的技术。通过用热中子轰击样品，样品中的元素可以转变为放射性同位素，从而使科学家能够根据发射的辐射分析样品的成分。这种方法在考古学、地质学和环境科学等领域得到了广泛应用。除了实际应用外，热中子在科学研究中也引起了极大的兴趣。例如，研究人员利用热中子进行中子散射实验，以研究材料在原子级别的结构。通过观察热中子如何散射样品，科学家可以推断出原子的排列和分子运动的动态。这一技术为凝聚态物理学、生物学和化学等多个领域提供了宝贵的见解。尽管热中子具有实用性，但处理它们时需要仔细考虑安全协议。中子是无电荷粒子，这使得它们不太可能直接电离物质。然而，它们的相互作用可能导致次级辐射，这对人类健康构成风险。因此，处理热中子的设施必须实施严格的安全措施，以保护工人和环境。总之，热中子是核物理的重要组成部分，在能源生产、科学研究和材料分析等方面具有众多应用。它们独特的性质使它们能够有效地与物质相互作用，使其在实际和理论背景下都极具价值。随着我们继续探索热中子的潜力，平衡其益处与必要的安全预防措施，以确保在各个领域的负责任使用是至关重要的。