theory of valence

简明释义

原子价理论

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding the theory of valence 价键理论 is crucial for predicting molecular structures.

理解价键理论对预测分子结构至关重要。

2.The theory of valence 价键理论 is foundational for many chemical reactions and processes.

价键理论是许多化学反应和过程的基础。

3.Her research focused on the implications of the theory of valence 价键理论 in new material development.

她的研究集中在价键理论在新材料开发中的应用。

4.The chemist explained the theory of valence 价键理论 to his students during the lecture.

化学家在讲座中向学生们解释了价键理论。

5.In organic chemistry, the theory of valence 价键理论 helps us understand how atoms bond.

在有机化学中，价键理论帮助我们理解原子如何结合。

作文

The concept of the theory of valence is fundamental in understanding the interactions and relationships between atoms in chemistry. At its core, the theory of valence explains how atoms bond with each other to form molecules, which are the building blocks of all matter. This theory was developed in the early 20th century and has since evolved into a key component of modern chemistry. To grasp the significance of the theory of valence, it is essential to understand the nature of chemical bonds. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The electrons, particularly those in the outermost shell, play a crucial role in determining how atoms interact. The theory of valence posits that the number of valence electrons an atom possesses will dictate its ability to bond with other atoms. For instance, an atom with a full outer electron shell is generally stable and less likely to form bonds, while an atom with incomplete valence shells tends to seek out other atoms to achieve stability.One of the primary types of bonding described by the theory of valence is covalent bonding, where atoms share pairs of electrons. This sharing allows each atom to attain a more stable electron configuration. A classic example of covalent bonding can be seen in water (H2O), where hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons to create a stable molecule. Understanding this aspect of the theory of valence is crucial for students of chemistry, as it lays the groundwork for exploring more complex molecular structures and reactions.Another important aspect of the theory of valence is ionic bonding, which occurs when one atom donates an electron to another, resulting in the formation of charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming a stable compound. A well-known example of ionic bonding is sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt. In this case, sodium donates an electron to chlorine, creating a strong ionic bond that holds the two ions together. This duality of bonding types—covalent and ionic—illustrates the versatility of the theory of valence in explaining how different substances interact at the atomic level.The theory of valence also extends beyond simple bonding explanations; it provides insight into the molecular geometry and reactivity of compounds. The arrangement of atoms within a molecule influences its physical properties and behavior in chemical reactions. For example, the shape of a molecule can affect its polarity, solubility, and overall stability. By applying the principles of the theory of valence, chemists can predict how a substance will behave under various conditions, which is invaluable in fields ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials science.In conclusion, the theory of valence is a cornerstone of chemical knowledge that describes how atoms bond to form the diverse array of substances we encounter in our daily lives. From the simplest molecules to complex biological systems, this theory helps us understand the fundamental principles that govern the interactions of matter. As we continue to explore the intricacies of chemistry, the theory of valence will undoubtedly remain a critical framework for scientific inquiry and discovery.

‘价理论’这一概念在理解化学中原子之间的相互作用和关系时至关重要。它的核心是，‘价理论’解释了原子如何相互结合形成分子，而分子是所有物质的基本构件。该理论是在20世纪初发展起来的，并且自那时以来已经演变为现代化学的一个关键组成部分。要理解‘价理论’的重要性，首先必须了解化学键的性质。原子由质子、中子和电子组成。电子，特别是最外层的电子，在决定原子如何相互作用方面发挥着至关重要的作用。‘价理论’认为，原子所拥有的价电子数量将决定其与其他原子结合的能力。例如，外层电子壳完全的原子通常是稳定的，不太可能形成键，而外层电子壳不完整的原子则倾向于寻求其他原子以达到稳定。‘价理论’描述的主要类型的键合之一是共价键合，其中原子共享电子对。这种共享使每个原子能够获得更稳定的电子配置。共价键合的经典例子可以在水（H2O）中看到，其中氢和氧原子共享电子以创建一个稳定的分子。理解‘价理论’的这一方面对于化学学生至关重要，因为它为探索更复杂的分子结构和反应奠定了基础。‘价理论’的另一个重要方面是离子键合，发生在一个原子将电子捐赠给另一个原子时，导致带电离子的形成。这些带相反电荷的离子相互吸引，形成稳定的化合物。离子键合的一个著名例子是氯化钠（NaCl），通常被称为食盐。在这种情况下，钠将一个电子捐赠给氯，形成一种强离子键，将这两个离子结合在一起。这种键合类型的二元性——共价和离子——说明了‘价理论’在解释不同物质在原子水平上如何相互作用方面的多功能性。‘价理论’不仅限于简单的键合解释；它还提供了对化合物分子几何形状和反应性的洞察。分子内原子的排列影响其物理性质和在化学反应中的行为。例如，分子的形状可以影响其极性、溶解度和整体稳定性。通过应用‘价理论’的原则，化学家可以预测物质在各种条件下的行为，这在制药到材料科学等领域都是无价的。总之，‘价理论’是化学知识的基石，描述了原子如何结合形成我们日常生活中遇到的各种物质。从最简单的分子到复杂的生物系统，该理论帮助我们理解支配物质相互作用的基本原则。随着我们继续探索化学的复杂性，‘价理论’无疑将继续作为科学探究和发现的关键框架。